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A Bird’s Eye View on the Origin of Aortic Hemogenic Endothelial Cells
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During early embryogenesis, the hemogenic endothelium of the developing dorsal aorta is the main source of definitive hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which will generate all blood cell lineages of the adult organism. The hemogenic endothelial cells (HECs) of the dorsal aorta are known to arise from the splanchnic lateral plate mesoderm. However, the specific cell lineages and developmental paths that give rise to aortic HECs are still unclear. Over the past half a century, the scientific debate on the origin of aortic HECs and HSCs has largely focused on two potential and apparently alternative birthplaces, the extraembryonic yolk sac blood islands and the intraembryonic splanchnic mesoderm. However, as we argue, both yolk sac blood islands and aortic HECs may have a common hemangioblastic origin. Further insight into aortic HEC development is being gained from fate-mapping studies that address the identity of progenitor cell lineages, rather than their physical location within the developing embryo. In this perspective article, we discuss the current knowledge on the origin of aortic HECs with a particular focus on the evidence provided by studies in the avian embryo, a model that pioneered the field of developmental hematopoiesis.
Descrição
FUNDING This work was supported by the FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P. (PTDC/BTM-SAL/29377/2017) and iNOVA4Health (UID/Multi/04462/2019). The Advanced Imaging Facility of the Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência was supported by national Portuguese funding co-financed by the Lisboa Regional Operational Programme (Lisboa 2020), under the Portugal 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) and FCT (PPBI-POCI-01- 0145-FEDER-022122). AT was funded by the FCT in the context of a program contract under “Norma Transitória” (DL57/2016 of 29 August, as amended by DL57/2017 of 19 July).
Palavras-chave
avian embryo dorsal aorta hemangioblast hemogenic endothelium lineage-tracing yolk sac Developmental Biology Cell Biology