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Identificação e Quantificação dos Resíduos Abandonados em Meio Urbano
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O abandono de resíduos constitui um problema persistente e de crescente relevância. Em específico, o abandono de resíduos em meio urbano provoca impactes ambientais e socioeconómicos importantes, conduz à degradação do espaço público e constitui um fator de risco para a saúde pública, além das ações de limpeza destas ocorrências representarem um encargo adicional para os sistemas municipais de gestão de resíduos. A complexidade deste problema advém da conjugação de fatores estruturais e comportamentais, incluindo limitações nos sistemas de recolha, insuficiência dos mecanismos de fiscalização e sensibilização, bem como práticas enraizadas na população.
Neste contexto, o objetivo desta dissertação consiste em estudar a problemática da deposição ilegal de resíduos na envolvente dos contentores de utilização coletiva para a deposição de resíduos urbanos, caracterizando estas ocorrências e procurando identificar os fatores que as condicionam. Para a componente prática, considerou-se como caso de estudo o município de Mafra, onde se delinearam três circuitos de monitorização, em diferentes contextos territoriais: um urbano, um rural e um litoral. Procedeu-se à caracterização dos resíduos, estimando a quantidade de resíduos abandonados e a sua composição física, procurando ainda identificar padrões de ocorrência como por exemplo, a sazonalidade do fenómeno. Adicionalmente, estudou-se o potencial de reutilização para os resíduos volumosos.
Os resultados demonstram que a deposição indevida não se manifesta de forma uniforme no território, pois o circuito urbano apresenta maior quantidade de resíduos abandonados, assim como diversidade na composição física, enquanto os circuitos rural e litoral registam valores semelhantes. Por sua vez, o circuito litoral é aquele que apresenta mais itens com potencial de reutilização. As categorias de resíduos com o maior número de ocorrências são os resíduos de construção e demolição e os resíduos indiferenciados. A tipologia de resíduos volumosos com maior potencial de reutilização é o mobiliário. A análise evidencia ainda que o problema decorre sobretudo de práticas enraizadas na população e, possivelmente, de desconhecimento sobre como proceder, e não da falta de cobertura do serviço de recolha de resíduos.
As conclusões reforçam a necessidade de ajustar o sistema de recolha ao fenómeno descrito, intensificar as estratégias de comunicação e sensibilização, e consolidar as medidas de fiscalização e prevenção, de modo a reduzir as ocorrências de deposições indevidas no concelho, enquanto se implementam soluções que possam incentivar a reutilização, em específico, de resíduos volumosos.
The illegal dumping of waste constitutes a persistent and increasingly relevant problem. In particular, the illegal dumping of waste in urban areas generates significant environmental and socio-economic impacts, contributes to the degradation of urban areas, and poses a risk to public health, while the cleaning of such occurrence also represents an addition burden on municipal waste management systems. The complexity of this problem arises from the combination of structural and behavioural factors, including limitations in waste collection systems, insufficient enforcement and awareness mechanisms, as well as ingrained practices among the population. The objective of this dissertation is to study the issue of illegal dumping of waste around collective containers for municipal waste, characterizing these occurrences and seeking to identify the factors that influence them. For the practical component, the municipality of Mafra was considered as the case study, where three monitoring circuits were outlined in three different territorial contexts: one urban, one rural and one coastal. The waste was characterized by estimating the quantity of abandoned waste and physical composition, while also seeking to identify occurrence patterns, such as the seasonality of the phenomenon. In addition, the potential for reuse of bulky waste was assessed. The results show that illegal dumping does not manifest evenly across the territory, as the urban circuit presented the largest quantities of abandoned waste as well as great diversity in physical composition, while the rural and coastal circuits presented similar values, with the coastal circuit standing out for its higher reuse potential. The most frequent categories of waste were construction and demolition waste and mixed waste. As well as that, within bulky waste, furniture showed the greatest reuse potential. The analysis also indicates that this problem results mainly from entrenched practices and lack of awareness, rather than from insufficient coverage of the collection system. The conclusions highlight the need to improve collection systems, strengthen communication and awareness strategies, and consolidate enforcement and prevention measures, to reduce illegal dumping in the municipality and to promote solutions that enhance the reuse, in specific, of bulky waste.
The illegal dumping of waste constitutes a persistent and increasingly relevant problem. In particular, the illegal dumping of waste in urban areas generates significant environmental and socio-economic impacts, contributes to the degradation of urban areas, and poses a risk to public health, while the cleaning of such occurrence also represents an addition burden on municipal waste management systems. The complexity of this problem arises from the combination of structural and behavioural factors, including limitations in waste collection systems, insufficient enforcement and awareness mechanisms, as well as ingrained practices among the population. The objective of this dissertation is to study the issue of illegal dumping of waste around collective containers for municipal waste, characterizing these occurrences and seeking to identify the factors that influence them. For the practical component, the municipality of Mafra was considered as the case study, where three monitoring circuits were outlined in three different territorial contexts: one urban, one rural and one coastal. The waste was characterized by estimating the quantity of abandoned waste and physical composition, while also seeking to identify occurrence patterns, such as the seasonality of the phenomenon. In addition, the potential for reuse of bulky waste was assessed. The results show that illegal dumping does not manifest evenly across the territory, as the urban circuit presented the largest quantities of abandoned waste as well as great diversity in physical composition, while the rural and coastal circuits presented similar values, with the coastal circuit standing out for its higher reuse potential. The most frequent categories of waste were construction and demolition waste and mixed waste. As well as that, within bulky waste, furniture showed the greatest reuse potential. The analysis also indicates that this problem results mainly from entrenched practices and lack of awareness, rather than from insufficient coverage of the collection system. The conclusions highlight the need to improve collection systems, strengthen communication and awareness strategies, and consolidate enforcement and prevention measures, to reduce illegal dumping in the municipality and to promote solutions that enhance the reuse, in specific, of bulky waste.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Resíduo urbano resíduo volumoso Abandono de resíduos Deposição ilegal de resíduos Circuito de monitorização Potencial de reutilização