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Weimar and the crisis of political legitimacy in Late Modernity : Max Weber, Hans Kelsen and Carl Schmitt
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Resumo(s)
Através da comparação das ideias de três grandes teóricos da política no conturbado
contexto da República de Weimar, esta dissertação pretende reconsiderar a crise da
legitimidade política na modernidade tardia. Tal crise é concebida tanto em sentido
estrito, enquanto crise das democracias liberais perante os efeitos de rápidas mudanças
sociais e a emergência da política de massas, como em sentido lato, ou seja, enquanto
crise dos alicerces político-intelectuais da era moderna. Nessa medida, veremos como
os juízos de Weber, Kelsen e Schmitt não se limitam a veicular veredictos contrastantes
sobre a democracia de massas, o parlamentarismo e os partidos políticos, remetendo
também para narrativas distintas sobre o destino do homem moderno – narrativas que
oscilam entre o optimismo moderado, a ambivalência e a reacção hostil.
By comparing the ideas of three major political thinkers in the turbulent context of the Weimar Republic, this dissertation aims to reconsider the late modern crisis of political legitimacy. It conceives such a crisis in both a strict sense, as a crisis of liberal democratic regimes struggling with the effects of rapid social change and the rise of mass politics, and a broad one, i. e., as a crisis of the political and intellectual foundations of the modern age. Weber’s, Kelsen’s and Schmitt’s views of these two critical dimensions will, thus, not only display divergent verdicts on mass democracy, parliamentarism and party pluralism, but also contain alternative narratives of the destiny of mankind in modernity, ranging from moderate optimism to ambivalence and to bitter reaction.
By comparing the ideas of three major political thinkers in the turbulent context of the Weimar Republic, this dissertation aims to reconsider the late modern crisis of political legitimacy. It conceives such a crisis in both a strict sense, as a crisis of liberal democratic regimes struggling with the effects of rapid social change and the rise of mass politics, and a broad one, i. e., as a crisis of the political and intellectual foundations of the modern age. Weber’s, Kelsen’s and Schmitt’s views of these two critical dimensions will, thus, not only display divergent verdicts on mass democracy, parliamentarism and party pluralism, but also contain alternative narratives of the destiny of mankind in modernity, ranging from moderate optimism to ambivalence and to bitter reaction.
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Palavras-chave
legitimidade democracia crise legitimacy democracy crisis