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Escolas Promotoras de Saúde em Angola: Avaliação de Hábitos Alimentares, Atividade Física e seus Determinantes em Adolescentes
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RESUMO - Introdução: As escolhas alimentares e os níveis de atividade física (AF) na
adolescência influenciam a saúde ao longo da vida. Este estudo teve como objetivo
avaliar os determinantes dos hábitos alimentares saudáveis (HAS) e da prática de AF
entre adolescentes angolanos. O modelo PRECEDE-PROCEED foi utilizado como
referencial teórico para estruturar a análise dos comportamentos e seus determinantes,
identificando necessidades e desafios no contexto das Escolas Promotoras de Saúde.
Método: Estudo observacional transversal com 130 adolescentes de 12 a 18 anos de
uma escola pública na Ilha de Luanda. A amostragem foi não probabilística. Foram
avaliados o comportamento alimentar (Índice KIDMED), determinantes do
comportamento alimentar (Healthy Diet Determinants Questionnaire), níveis de AF
(International Physical Activity Questionnaire) e determinantes de AF (Determinants of
Physical Activity Questionnaire). A análise incluiu estatísticas descritivas e, destacando
fatores pessoais, sociais e ambientais relacionados à alimentação e AF.
Resultados: A adesão a HAS foi moderada (58,27%) e os níveis de AF insuficientes
(78%). Crenças sobre as capacidades foi o fator com maior associação para o
cumprimento das recomendações de AF segundo a OMS. Determinantes como
autoeficácia e fatores sociais demonstraram influência significativa sobre os HA dos
adolescentes.
Conclusão: Fatores como crenças sobre as capacidades, autoeficácia e apoio social
são fatores determinantes na adoção de HAS e prática regular de AF entre
adolescentes. O desconhecimento destaca a importância de intervenções que ampliem
o conhecimento. Políticas públicas integradas e ações estruturadas nas escolas podem
desempenhar um papel fundamental na criação de contextos facilitadores, promovendo
escolhas saudáveis.
ABSTRACT - Introduction: Food choices and physical activity (PA) levels during adolescence influence health throughout life. This study aimed to assess the determinants of healthy eating habits (HEH) and PA practice among Angolan adolescents. The PRECEDE-PROCEED model was used as a theoretical framework to structure the analysis of behaviors and their determinants, identifying needs and challenges in the context of Health Promoting Schools. Method: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted with 130 adolescents aged 12 to 18 years from a public school on Ilha de Luanda. Non-probabilistic convenience sampling was used. Eating behavior (KIDMED Index), determinants of eating behavior (Healthy Diet Determinants Questionnaire), PA levels (International Physical Activity Questionnaire), and PA determinants (Determinants of Physical Activity Questionnaire) were assessed. The analysis included descriptive statistics, highlighting personal, social, and environmental factors related to eating and PA behaviors. Results: Adherence to HEH was moderate (58.27%) and PA levels were insufficient (78%). Beliefs about capabilities showed the strongest association with meeting PA recommendations according to the WHO. Determinants such as self-efficacy and social factors demonstrated significant influence on adolescents' eating habits. Conclusion: Factors such as beliefs about capabilities, self-efficacy, and social support are key determinants in the adoption of HEH and regular PA practice among adolescents. The lack of knowledge highlights the importance of interventions aimed at increasing awareness and strengthening confidence. Integrated public policies and structured actions in schools can play a fundamental role in creating supportive environments that promote healthy choices.
ABSTRACT - Introduction: Food choices and physical activity (PA) levels during adolescence influence health throughout life. This study aimed to assess the determinants of healthy eating habits (HEH) and PA practice among Angolan adolescents. The PRECEDE-PROCEED model was used as a theoretical framework to structure the analysis of behaviors and their determinants, identifying needs and challenges in the context of Health Promoting Schools. Method: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted with 130 adolescents aged 12 to 18 years from a public school on Ilha de Luanda. Non-probabilistic convenience sampling was used. Eating behavior (KIDMED Index), determinants of eating behavior (Healthy Diet Determinants Questionnaire), PA levels (International Physical Activity Questionnaire), and PA determinants (Determinants of Physical Activity Questionnaire) were assessed. The analysis included descriptive statistics, highlighting personal, social, and environmental factors related to eating and PA behaviors. Results: Adherence to HEH was moderate (58.27%) and PA levels were insufficient (78%). Beliefs about capabilities showed the strongest association with meeting PA recommendations according to the WHO. Determinants such as self-efficacy and social factors demonstrated significant influence on adolescents' eating habits. Conclusion: Factors such as beliefs about capabilities, self-efficacy, and social support are key determinants in the adoption of HEH and regular PA practice among adolescents. The lack of knowledge highlights the importance of interventions aimed at increasing awareness and strengthening confidence. Integrated public policies and structured actions in schools can play a fundamental role in creating supportive environments that promote healthy choices.
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Palavras-chave
Adolescentes alimentação saudável atividade física determinantes promoção da saúde escolas promotoras da saúde adolescents healthy eating physical activity determinants health promotion health-promoting schools