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Avaliação de idosos institucionalizados por espirometria e condensado brônquico do ar exalado : efeitos da exposição ambiental
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Resumo(s)
impacto da poluição ambiental na saúde tem sido, nas últimas décadas, um recorrente objetivo de estudo, não só numa perspetiva de investigação científica mas, igualmente, numa lógica de implementação de políticas de saúde pública. São enumeras as evidências dos efeitos, a curto e a longo prazo, que se associam com maiores índices de morbilidade e mortalidade decorrentes da exposição à poluição.
Do ponto de vista da saúde respiratória, estão disponíveis dados que demonstram que a exposição ambiental é a causa para o desenvolvimento e/ou agravamento de doenças respiratórias nomeadamente, doença pulmonar obstrutiva crónica (DPOC), asma, fibrose pulmonar idiopática e cancro do pulmão.
A investigação sobre os efeitos da poluição ambiental na saúde começou por ser dirigida para o impacto dos contaminantes do ar exterior, sendo o estudo relativo aos efeitos dos poluentes no ar interior relativamente recente. Na perspetiva da qualidade do ar interior (IAQ), os idosos são entendidos como uma população mais vulnerável. Por um lado, é sabido que têm um sistema imunitário mais comprometido decorrente do envelhecimento, por outro lado também se apresentam mais tempo confinados aos espaços interiores, devido a eventuais limitações nas suas atividades diárias.
O estudo geriátrico dos efeitos na saúde da qualidade do ar interior em lares da 3ª idade de Portugal (GERIA) foi o primeiro, a nível nacional, com o objetivo de estudar os efeitos da IAQ de equipamentos residenciais para pessoas idosos (ERPI) na saúde e qualidade de vida dos idosos institucionalizados. O presente trabalho foi realizado no âmbito do projeto GERIA e os dados utilizados correspondem a uma subamostra de idosos que integraram o referido projeto. O objetivo geral deste trabalho é descrever o impacto da exposição ambiental do ponto de vista da IAQ na saúde respiratória de uma amostra de idosos, residentes em ERPI, avaliados através da espirometria e do condensado brônquico do ar exalado (EBC).
The health impact of environmental pollution has been recurrently studied over the last few decades, not only in a scientific research perspective, but also in the context of implementing public health policies. In fact, the evidence of short and long-term effects due to pollution exposure is associated with higher morbidity and mortality rates. In terms of respiratory health, data available demonstrates that environmental exposure is the cause for the development and / or worsening of respiratory diseases, as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and lung cancer. In fact, the research about the health effects of environmental pollution started to focus, primarily, on the impact of external air pollutants. However, in turn, the study on the effects of indoor air pollutants is relatively recent. In a perspective of indoor air quality (IAQ), the elderly are a vulnerable population. On the one hand, as a consequence of the ageing process, they have a more compromised immune system; on the other hand, they also tend to spend more time confined to indoor spaces, due to possible limitations in their daily activities. The geriatric study on the health effects of indoor air quality in Portuguese elderly households (GERIA) was the first, at a national level, to study the effects of IAQ found on residential equipment for the elderly (ERPI) and, thus, its consequences in health and quality of life of the institutionalized ones. The present work was carried out within the GERIA project framework and the data used correspond to a subsample of the elderly who integrated the project. The main objective of this study is to describe the impact of environmental exposure from the point of view of IAQ in the respiratory health in a sample of elderly people living in ERPI. The elderly were evaluated through spirometry and exhaled bronchial condensate (EBC).
The health impact of environmental pollution has been recurrently studied over the last few decades, not only in a scientific research perspective, but also in the context of implementing public health policies. In fact, the evidence of short and long-term effects due to pollution exposure is associated with higher morbidity and mortality rates. In terms of respiratory health, data available demonstrates that environmental exposure is the cause for the development and / or worsening of respiratory diseases, as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and lung cancer. In fact, the research about the health effects of environmental pollution started to focus, primarily, on the impact of external air pollutants. However, in turn, the study on the effects of indoor air pollutants is relatively recent. In a perspective of indoor air quality (IAQ), the elderly are a vulnerable population. On the one hand, as a consequence of the ageing process, they have a more compromised immune system; on the other hand, they also tend to spend more time confined to indoor spaces, due to possible limitations in their daily activities. The geriatric study on the health effects of indoor air quality in Portuguese elderly households (GERIA) was the first, at a national level, to study the effects of IAQ found on residential equipment for the elderly (ERPI) and, thus, its consequences in health and quality of life of the institutionalized ones. The present work was carried out within the GERIA project framework and the data used correspond to a subsample of the elderly who integrated the project. The main objective of this study is to describe the impact of environmental exposure from the point of view of IAQ in the respiratory health in a sample of elderly people living in ERPI. The elderly were evaluated through spirometry and exhaled bronchial condensate (EBC).
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Elderly Indoor air quality Spirometry Exhaled breath condensate Respiratory health Idosos Qualidade do ar interior Espirometria Condensado brônquico do ar exalado Saúde respiratória