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Sexualidade e infeções sexualmente transmissíveis: conhecimento e práticas de estudantes em universidades de Benguela
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Os comportamentos de risco face à sexualidade têm sido motivo de preocupação em todo o mundo, principalmente na faixa etária de jovens adultos. Este grupo tem sido alvo de ações preventivas de educação para a saúde e de investigação sobre o seu comportamento sexual e outros.
As infeções sexualmente transmissíveis (IST) são uma das maiores ameaças de saúde pública, causando 2,3 milhões de mortes e 1,2 milhões de casos de cancro anualmente. Desta forma, importa melhorar o conhecimento sobre estas infeções neste grupo etário, assim como os seus determinantes.
Este estudo teve como principal objetivo descrever as práticas sexuais e o conhecimento de jovens universitários de duas universidades de Benguela face à sua sexualidade e infeções sexualmente transmissíveis, assim como identificar fatores socioeconómicos e ambientais percecionados como influenciando as suas práticas sexuais e o seu acesso aos serviços de saúde.
Para esta tese foi efetuado um estudo observacional do tipo descritivo transversal, tendo como instrumento um questionário individual e voluntário a 227 alunos, com uma faixa etária predominante dos 19 aos 24 anos de idade (70,8%), maioritariamente do sexo feminino (65,5%). Os participantes foram escolhidos de forma intencional, especificamente alunos dos cursos da área da saúde das duas instituições em Benguela - Angola, no ano letivo 2022-2023.
Os resultados mostraram que 74,7% destes estudantes já iniciou a sua atividade sexual e que 29,1% afirmou não fazer uso de preservativo. O não uso de preservativo para parceiro regular teve como principal justificação a confiança no parceiro (37,0%), enquanto que para parceiro ocasional foi o não gostar de usar (13,2%).
Quanto à frequência de consultas para IST, 62,8% dos participantes declarou nunca ter frequentado, sendo que dos que frequentaram, 19% foram diagnosticados com uma IST e a maioria teve monitorização pós tratamento. Algumas IST e meios de transmissão são de conhecimento dos estudantes, com maior conhecimento adquirido na escola (77,0%).
Os resultados mostraram, que de entre os fatores socioeconómicos e ambientais, a sociedade é considerada um dos principais influenciadores das suas práticas sexuais, e quanto a acessibilidade aos serviços de saúde para IST, os estudantes consideraram a acessibilidade mediana, numa escala de 0 a 10.
Concluiu-se que, este grupo de participantes tem algum conhecimento sobre algumas das IST que existem e sobre a sua forma de transmissão, o que não invalidou o facto de muitos apresentarem comportamentos de risco. Desta forma, são necessários mais estudos para perceber se a realidade encontrada neste grupo de inquiridos é a realidade universitária atual na província e eventualmente no país.
Risky sexual behavior has been a cause for concern worldwide, especially in young adults. This group has been relevant in preventive health education actions and research on sexual behavior. Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are one of the greatest public health threats, causing 2.3 million deaths and 1.2 million cases of cancer annually. Therefore, improving knowledge in this age group about these infections and their determinants is important. The main objective of this study was to describe the sexual practices and knowledge of young university students from two universities in Benguela regarding their sexuality and sexually transmitted infections, as well as to identify socioeconomic and environmental factors perceived as influencing their sexual practices and their access to health services. For this thesis, a cross-sectional descriptive observational study was carried out, using an individual and voluntary questionnaire delivered to 227 students, with a predominant age range of 19 to 24 years old (70.8%), mostly female (65.5%). Participants were chosen intentionally, specifically students of the health courses of the two institutions in Benguela - Angola, in the academic year 2022-2023. The results showed that 74.7% of these students had already started their sexual activity and that 29.1% said they did not use condoms. The main justification for not using condoms for regular partners was trust in the partner (37.0%), while for occasional partners it was not liking to use them (13.2%). Regarding the frequency of consultations for STIs, 62.8% of the participants declared never having attended, and of those who have attended, 19% were diagnosed with an STI and most had treatments. The majority of students were aware of some STIs and their means of transmission, with the greatest knowledge acquired at school (77.0%). The results also showed that among socio-economic and environmental factors, society is considered one of the main influencers of their sexual practices, and regarding the accessibility of health services for STIs, the students considered average on a scale of 0 to 10. It was concluded that participants had some knowledge about STIs and their forms of transmission, which did not invalidate the fact that many displayed risky behavior. Thus, further studies are needed to realize whether the reality found in this group of respondents is the current university reality in the province and eventually in the country. Key words:
Risky sexual behavior has been a cause for concern worldwide, especially in young adults. This group has been relevant in preventive health education actions and research on sexual behavior. Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are one of the greatest public health threats, causing 2.3 million deaths and 1.2 million cases of cancer annually. Therefore, improving knowledge in this age group about these infections and their determinants is important. The main objective of this study was to describe the sexual practices and knowledge of young university students from two universities in Benguela regarding their sexuality and sexually transmitted infections, as well as to identify socioeconomic and environmental factors perceived as influencing their sexual practices and their access to health services. For this thesis, a cross-sectional descriptive observational study was carried out, using an individual and voluntary questionnaire delivered to 227 students, with a predominant age range of 19 to 24 years old (70.8%), mostly female (65.5%). Participants were chosen intentionally, specifically students of the health courses of the two institutions in Benguela - Angola, in the academic year 2022-2023. The results showed that 74.7% of these students had already started their sexual activity and that 29.1% said they did not use condoms. The main justification for not using condoms for regular partners was trust in the partner (37.0%), while for occasional partners it was not liking to use them (13.2%). Regarding the frequency of consultations for STIs, 62.8% of the participants declared never having attended, and of those who have attended, 19% were diagnosed with an STI and most had treatments. The majority of students were aware of some STIs and their means of transmission, with the greatest knowledge acquired at school (77.0%). The results also showed that among socio-economic and environmental factors, society is considered one of the main influencers of their sexual practices, and regarding the accessibility of health services for STIs, the students considered average on a scale of 0 to 10. It was concluded that participants had some knowledge about STIs and their forms of transmission, which did not invalidate the fact that many displayed risky behavior. Thus, further studies are needed to realize whether the reality found in this group of respondents is the current university reality in the province and eventually in the country. Key words:
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Saúde tropical Doenças tropicais Infeções sexualmente transmissíveis Jovens Comportamentos Conhecimentos