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Study and development of synthetic bone strips for spine fusion applications
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The increase of musculoskeletal diseases and trauma injuries due to the changes in the human life style in the more recent decades has been one of the major driving forces of the research for bone substitutes and regeneration. The most recent researches and the best products in the market, point to polymeric/ceramic composite grafts, as they have shown the best results on bone regeneration.
In this work different composite scaffolds were developed, with the purpose to identify the ones with adequate structure and properties. The produced scaffolds are based on chitosan (CH) with small and Large Molecular Weights (MW) and ceramics like biphasic ceramics (75% hydroxyapatite and 25% β-TCP), mesoporous bioactive glass (MBG), mesoporous hydroxyapatite (MHap), in different concentrations and a combination of the mesoporous materials (12.5% MHap/12.5% MBG and 25% MHap/25% MBG).
The mesoporous ceramics were produced by the sol-gel method with Pluronic® as surfactant. The membranes were obtained by lyophilization of the composite suspension. Resulting membranes were neutralized and dialyzed so they would not dissolve on contact with liquids.
The new MHAp showed a lower crystallization temperature in the XRD, FTIR and DST-TGA analysis. The samples were also analyzed by TEM.
The composites had a high porous structure, with interconnected pores. Furthermore, the scaffolds with higher ceramic content presented column like pores and compressive modules increased with the ceramic concentration.
The materials used in the composites and the composites themselves, were tested for cytotoxicity, and none presented any cytotoxic response. In addition, adhesion tests showed that scaffolds produced with CH of lower molecular weight, have higher cell adhesion and proliferation than those produced with CH of high molecular weight. Moreover, compositions involving the mixture of MHap and MBG presented the best adhesion and proliferation results.