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RESUMO - Introdução: A despesa em saúde aumentou consideravelmente nas últimas
décadas na maioria dos países industrializados. Por outro lado, os indicadores
de saúde melhoraram. A evidência empírica sobre a relação entre as despesas
em saúde e a saúde das populações tem sido inconclusiva. Este estudo aborda
a relação entre as despesas em saúde e a saúde das populações através de
dados agregados para 34 países para o período 1980-2010.
Metodologia: Utilizou-se o coeficiente de correlação de Pearson para avaliar a
correlação entre as variáveis explicativas e os indicadores de saúde. Procedeuse
ainda à realização de uma regressão multivariada com dados em painel
para cada indicador de saúde utilizado como variável dependente: esperança
de vida à nascença e aos 65 anos para mulheres e homens, anos de vida
potencialmente perdidos para mulheres e homens e mortalidade infantil. A
principal variável explicativa utilizada foi a despesa em saúde, mas
consideraram-se também vários fatores de confundimento, nomeadamente a
riqueza, fatores estilo de vida, e oferta de cuidados.
Resultados: A despesa per capita tem impacto nos indicadores de saúde mas
ao adicionarmos a variável PIB per capita deixa de ser estatisticamente
significativa. Outros fatores têm um impacto significativo para quase todos os
indicadores de saúde utilizados: consumo de álcool e tabaco, gordura, o
número de médicos e a imunização, confirmando vários resultados da
literatura.
Conclusão: Os resultados vão ao encontro de alguns estudos que afirmam o
impacto marginal das despesas em saúde e do progresso da medicina nos
resultados em saúde desde os anos 80 nos países industrializados.
ABSTRACT - Introduction: Health expenditure in most industrialized countries has increased considerably in recent decades. On the other hand, health indicators have improved. However, empirical evidence on the relationship between health expenditure and the health of populations has been inconclusive. This study discusses the relationship between health expenditure and the health outcomes through aggregated data for 34 countries for the period between 1980 and 2010. Methodology: Pearson´s correlation coefficient has been used to evaluate the correlation between explanatory variables and health indicators. We also performed a multivariate regression with panel data for each health indicator used as dependent variable: life expectancy at birth and at the age of 65 for females and males, male and female potential years of life lost and infant mortality. Although the main explanatory variable used was health spending, several other confounding factors such as wealth, lifestyle factors and availability of care were also considered. Results: Although expenditure per capita has an impact in health outcomes, when we add GDP per capita variable the former is no longer statistically significant. Other factors also have a significant impact on almost all health indicators used: alcohol and tobacco consumption, fat, the number of doctors and immunization; thus confirming multiple results. Conclusion: The results confirm several studies that claim marginal impact of health expenditure and medical progress on health results since the 80's in industrialized countries.
ABSTRACT - Introduction: Health expenditure in most industrialized countries has increased considerably in recent decades. On the other hand, health indicators have improved. However, empirical evidence on the relationship between health expenditure and the health of populations has been inconclusive. This study discusses the relationship between health expenditure and the health outcomes through aggregated data for 34 countries for the period between 1980 and 2010. Methodology: Pearson´s correlation coefficient has been used to evaluate the correlation between explanatory variables and health indicators. We also performed a multivariate regression with panel data for each health indicator used as dependent variable: life expectancy at birth and at the age of 65 for females and males, male and female potential years of life lost and infant mortality. Although the main explanatory variable used was health spending, several other confounding factors such as wealth, lifestyle factors and availability of care were also considered. Results: Although expenditure per capita has an impact in health outcomes, when we add GDP per capita variable the former is no longer statistically significant. Other factors also have a significant impact on almost all health indicators used: alcohol and tobacco consumption, fat, the number of doctors and immunization; thus confirming multiple results. Conclusion: The results confirm several studies that claim marginal impact of health expenditure and medical progress on health results since the 80's in industrialized countries.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
despesas saúde resultados saúde dados agregados países industrializados health care expenditure health outcomes aggregated data industrialized countries
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Editora
Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública. Universidade Nova de Lisboa
