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Adaptação a cheias e inundações em Portugal e o papel das Soluções de Base Natural: análise documental e perceção da população loca
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As alterações climáticas têm vindo a impactar a saúde humana, os ecossistemas, com eventos
extremos, como cheias e inundações, cada vez mais frequentes e intensos.
Perante a alteração dos regimes de precipitação e a incerteza associada, torna-se indispensável
a implementação de medidas de adaptação que permitam reduzir os impactes destes
fenómenos nas comunidades. Em Portugal, já existem diversos instrumentos de adaptação,
Planos e Estratégias municipais, que são analisados ao longo desta investigação. O presente
trabalho combina uma avaliação da perceção da população relativamente ao conhecimento de
instrumentos de adaptação climática, com uma análise documental destes instrumentos,
focando-se no papel das medidas verdes na adaptação a cheias e inundações, com destaque
para a integração das Soluções de Base Natural (SbN) nos instrumentos de planeamento e
gestão municipal.
Foi realizada uma análise mais detalhada a dois municípios em Portugal: Cascais e Setúbal,
onde para além da população inquirida foram realizadas entrevistas aos responsáveis pela
elaboração dos Planos e Estratégias de adaptação climática nas autarquias.
A análise dos resultados evidencia um desfasamento: os especialistas consideram existir um
nível adequado de informação e integração dos instrumentos de adaptação climática,
enquanto as comunidades revelam conhecimento reduzido, tanto sobre esses instrumentos
como sobre medidas específicas relacionadas com as cheias e inundações. Neste contexto, a
participação pública assume um papel essencial, uma vez que as comunidades locais,
enquanto primeiros respondentes, detêm conhecimento prático e histórico fundamental para
a construção de soluções eficazes e sustentáveis.
Destaca-se a necessidade de reforçar a literacia climática da população, tendo sido propostas
recomendações que visam apoiar não só o aumento da consciencialização pública, mas
também a tomada de decisão pelas autarquias, sendo estas apoiadas em casos de sucesso
internacionais, nos quais as SbN têm sido aplicadas com resultados positivos, em consonância
com as metas nacionais de adaptação.
Climate change is increasingly affecting human health and ecosystems, with extreme events such as floods, becoming more frequent and intense. Given the alteration of precipitation regimes and the associated uncertainty, the implementation of adaptation measures that allow for the reduction of the impacts of these phenomena on communities become indispensable. In Portugal, various adaptation instruments such as, Municipal Plans and Strategies already exist, which are analyzed throughout this investigation. This study combines an assessment of public perception regarding the awareness of climate adaptation instruments with a documentary analysis of these instruments, focusing on the role of green measures in flood adaptation, with particular emphasis on the integration of Nature- Based Solutions (NbS) into municipal planning and management tools. A more detailed analysis was conducted in two Portuguese municipalities: Cascais and Setúbal, where, in addition to a population survey, interviews were carried out with those responsible for developing climate adaptation Plans and Strategies in local authorities. The analysis of the results shows a disconnect: the experts consider there is an adequate level of information and integration of climate adaptation instruments, while the communities reveal reduced knowledge, both about these instruments and about specific measures related to floods. In this context, public participation assumes an essential role, since local communities, as first responders, hold practical and historical knowledge fundamental for the construction of effective and sustainable solutions. Consequently, the need to strengthen the population's climate literacy is highlighted. Guidelines were proposed that aim to support not only the increase of public awareness but also decision-making by local authorities, in line with national adaptation goals, supported by international success stories in which NbS have been effectively implemented, demonstrating positive results.
Climate change is increasingly affecting human health and ecosystems, with extreme events such as floods, becoming more frequent and intense. Given the alteration of precipitation regimes and the associated uncertainty, the implementation of adaptation measures that allow for the reduction of the impacts of these phenomena on communities become indispensable. In Portugal, various adaptation instruments such as, Municipal Plans and Strategies already exist, which are analyzed throughout this investigation. This study combines an assessment of public perception regarding the awareness of climate adaptation instruments with a documentary analysis of these instruments, focusing on the role of green measures in flood adaptation, with particular emphasis on the integration of Nature- Based Solutions (NbS) into municipal planning and management tools. A more detailed analysis was conducted in two Portuguese municipalities: Cascais and Setúbal, where, in addition to a population survey, interviews were carried out with those responsible for developing climate adaptation Plans and Strategies in local authorities. The analysis of the results shows a disconnect: the experts consider there is an adequate level of information and integration of climate adaptation instruments, while the communities reveal reduced knowledge, both about these instruments and about specific measures related to floods. In this context, public participation assumes an essential role, since local communities, as first responders, hold practical and historical knowledge fundamental for the construction of effective and sustainable solutions. Consequently, the need to strengthen the population's climate literacy is highlighted. Guidelines were proposed that aim to support not only the increase of public awareness but also decision-making by local authorities, in line with national adaptation goals, supported by international success stories in which NbS have been effectively implemented, demonstrating positive results.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Cheias e inundações Adaptação Soluções de Base Natural Perceção