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Aplicação do ciclo DMAIC para Mitigar Divergências de Medições entre Instrumentos Óticos na Indústria Automóvel
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Com o progresso tecnológico, os sistemas de medição óticos têm vindo a ser ampla-
mente integrados nas linhas de produção, oferecendo vantagens significativas em termos de
velocidade de medição e automação. Contudo, a validade dos dados obtidos por estes siste-
mas está intrinsecamente ligada à sua capacidade metrológica, sendo imprescindível asse-
gurar a sua precisão e consistência.
Esta dissertação tem como objetivo principal a eliminação das discrepâncias na me-
dição de uma característica da qualidade entre o sistema de medição ótico instalado na linha
de produção e o sistema de referência do laboratório da qualidade. A redução desta varia-
bilidade é essencial para garantir decisões robustas e coerentes no controlo do processo e
da melhoria contínua do mesmo.
Para alcançar este objetivo, adotou-se a metodologia six sigma, em particular ao
ciclo DMAIC (Definir, Medir, Analisar, Melhorar e Controlar). Ao longo do ciclo DMAIC, foram
aplicadas ferramentas e técnicas associadas ao six sigma. Destaca-se a aplicação da análise
de sistemas de medição (MSA), com especial destaque em estudos de R&R (repetibilidade e
reprodutibilidade) e linearidade, com vista à avaliação da performance dos instrumentos de
medição. Adicionalmente, é utilizado o Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) como apoio à de-
cisão da melhoria mais adequada.
Com base nesta metodologia, foi possível eliminar o bias e a linearidade previamente
existentes entre as medições do laboratório da qualidade e da linha de produção. Os resul-
tados demonstraram, depois de ações corretivas, que o bias ao longo de toda a gama de
medição do instrumento de medição não apresenta diferenças significativas de zero para um
nível de significância de 5%.
With technological progress, optical measurement systems have been increasingly integrated into production lines, offering significant advantages in terms of measurement speed and automation. However, the validity of the data obtained from these systems is intrinsically linked to their metrological capability, making it essential to ensure their accu- racy and consistency. The main objective of the present dissertation is the elimination of discrepancies in the measurement of a specific quality characteristic between the optical measurement sys- tem installed on the production line and the reference system of the quality laboratory. Reducing this variability is essential to ensure robust and coherent decisions within the scope of process control and its continuous improvement. To achieve this objective, the Six Sigma methodology was employed, particularly the DMAIC cycle (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control). Throughout the DMAIC cycle, various tools and techniques associated with Six Sigma are applied. Noteworthy is the appli- cation of Measurement System Analysis (MSA), with special emphasis on R&R (repeatability and reproducibility) and linearity studies, aimed at evaluating the performance of the meas- uring instruments. Additionally, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method is used to sup- port decision-making in selecting the most appropriate improvement solution. Based on this methodological approach, it was possible to eliminate the bias and line- arity previously observed between the measurements of the quality laboratory and the pro- duction line. Following the implementation of corrective actions, the results demonstrated that the bias across the entire measurement range of the instrument shows no statistically significant differences from zero at a 5% significance level.
With technological progress, optical measurement systems have been increasingly integrated into production lines, offering significant advantages in terms of measurement speed and automation. However, the validity of the data obtained from these systems is intrinsically linked to their metrological capability, making it essential to ensure their accu- racy and consistency. The main objective of the present dissertation is the elimination of discrepancies in the measurement of a specific quality characteristic between the optical measurement sys- tem installed on the production line and the reference system of the quality laboratory. Reducing this variability is essential to ensure robust and coherent decisions within the scope of process control and its continuous improvement. To achieve this objective, the Six Sigma methodology was employed, particularly the DMAIC cycle (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control). Throughout the DMAIC cycle, various tools and techniques associated with Six Sigma are applied. Noteworthy is the appli- cation of Measurement System Analysis (MSA), with special emphasis on R&R (repeatability and reproducibility) and linearity studies, aimed at evaluating the performance of the meas- uring instruments. Additionally, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method is used to sup- port decision-making in selecting the most appropriate improvement solution. Based on this methodological approach, it was possible to eliminate the bias and line- arity previously observed between the measurements of the quality laboratory and the pro- duction line. Following the implementation of corrective actions, the results demonstrated that the bias across the entire measurement range of the instrument shows no statistically significant differences from zero at a 5% significance level.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Six Sigma DMAIC MSA R&R Linearidade AHP