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Controlo de MPPT para Conversor DC-DC integrado alimentado por célula fotovoltaica
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Atualmente, a humanidade tenta procurar maneiras de fazer com que o dia a dia seja o mais fácil e conveniente possível. Deste modo, existe interesse em fazer com que os dispositivos utilizados diariamente se tornem o mais leve e pequeno possível.Consequentemente, esta procura faz com que tenha havido um grande aumento de dispositivos eletrônicos portáteis e IoT. Assim sendo, o aumento da utilização de dispositivos eletrônicos portáteis é previsto, de modo a que o estilo de vida humano se torne o mais facilitado possível.Dispositivos elétricos portáteis por norma são equipamentos de baixa potência, possibilitando que estes sejam alimentados através de energias renováveis. Visto que a maior parte das energias renováveis apresenta baixa densidade de potência, a fonte renovavel mais atrativa é a energia solar, visto que esta apresenta a maior densidade de energia quando comparada a outras. Dado que, a energia recolhida por fontes renováveis não é adequada para utilização direta, a aplicação de um conversor DC-DC é necessária de modo a adaptar e levantar a tenção recebida para alimentação de um dispositivo eletrónico. Finalmente, será necessária uma técnica MPPT de modo a que a célula fotovoltaica possa funcionar com máximo de eficiência, de modo a que seja maximizada a energia disponível. Deste modo, esta tese propõe a análise de dois diferentes métodos MPPT (Perturbar & Observar e Condutância Incremental) e suas performances.Os métodos MPPT foram testados com uma célula fotovoltaica subjugada a diferentes valores de irradiação (1000𝑊/𝑚2,750𝑊/𝑚2𝑒500𝑊/𝑚2,𝑎25°C) e temperatura (35°C,25°C𝑒15°C,𝑎1000𝑊/𝑚2).O sistema com o método Perturbar & Observar obteve uma eficiência de 99.39%a 1000𝑊/𝑚2,99.97%a 750𝑊/𝑚2e 75.11%a 500𝑊/𝑚2,mantendo sempre uma eficiência superior a 99.30%com as diferentes alterações de temperatura. Finalmente, usando o método de Condutância Incremental obtiveram-se eficiências de 99.57%a 1000𝑊/𝑚2,88.08%a 750𝑊/𝑚2e 62.88%a 500𝑊/𝑚2,mantendo sempre uma eficiências superior a 99.04%com as diferentes alterações de temperatura. Os resultados demonstram que ambos os métodos são adequados para implementação com sistemas de recolha de dispositivos portáteis.
In the present time, humans try to research ways to make life as easy and convenient as possible. Thus, there isa growing interest in making everyday devices as small and as lightweight as possible.Consequently, there has been an increase in portable electronic devices and IoT. With this type of innovations,an increase in small portable devices is expected,that look to make the human lifestyle as practical as possible. Portable devices are generally low power equipment, this enables the possibility of powering these through renewable energy. Since most of the renewable energies have low power density, the most appealing resource is the solar energy, being that the power density of the photovoltaic energy stands out when compared to the others.Since the use of raw renewable energy is not suited to direct utilization a DC-DC converter is required to adapt and boost the voltage fed to the device. Finally, it is required a MPPT technique so that the PV cellc an function at its peak efficiency, in order to maximize the low energy available.Therefore, this thesis proposes the analyse of two different MPPT methods (Perturb & Observe and Incremental Conductance) and in both performances.The MPPT methods were tested with the PV cell subjected to different irradiations (1000𝑊/𝑚2,750𝑊/𝑚2and500𝑊/𝑚2, with 25°C) and temperatures (35°C,25°Cand 15°C, with 1000𝑊/𝑚2). The system with the Perturb & Observe technique obtained an efficiency of 99.39%with 1000𝑊/𝑚2, 99.97%with 750𝑊/𝑚2and 75.11%with 500𝑊/𝑚2, while maintaining an efficiency above 99.30% with the different temperatures. Finally, using the Incremental Conductance technique obtained an efficiency of 99.57%with 1000𝑊/𝑚2, 88.08%with 750𝑊/𝑚2 and 62.88%with 500𝑊/𝑚2, while maintaining an efficiency above 99.04%with the different temperatures. The results demonstrate that both methods used are suitable to implement with harvesting systems of portable devices.
In the present time, humans try to research ways to make life as easy and convenient as possible. Thus, there isa growing interest in making everyday devices as small and as lightweight as possible.Consequently, there has been an increase in portable electronic devices and IoT. With this type of innovations,an increase in small portable devices is expected,that look to make the human lifestyle as practical as possible. Portable devices are generally low power equipment, this enables the possibility of powering these through renewable energy. Since most of the renewable energies have low power density, the most appealing resource is the solar energy, being that the power density of the photovoltaic energy stands out when compared to the others.Since the use of raw renewable energy is not suited to direct utilization a DC-DC converter is required to adapt and boost the voltage fed to the device. Finally, it is required a MPPT technique so that the PV cellc an function at its peak efficiency, in order to maximize the low energy available.Therefore, this thesis proposes the analyse of two different MPPT methods (Perturb & Observe and Incremental Conductance) and in both performances.The MPPT methods were tested with the PV cell subjected to different irradiations (1000𝑊/𝑚2,750𝑊/𝑚2and500𝑊/𝑚2, with 25°C) and temperatures (35°C,25°Cand 15°C, with 1000𝑊/𝑚2). The system with the Perturb & Observe technique obtained an efficiency of 99.39%with 1000𝑊/𝑚2, 99.97%with 750𝑊/𝑚2and 75.11%with 500𝑊/𝑚2, while maintaining an efficiency above 99.30% with the different temperatures. Finally, using the Incremental Conductance technique obtained an efficiency of 99.57%with 1000𝑊/𝑚2, 88.08%with 750𝑊/𝑚2 and 62.88%with 500𝑊/𝑚2, while maintaining an efficiency above 99.04%with the different temperatures. The results demonstrate that both methods used are suitable to implement with harvesting systems of portable devices.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Localização de Pontos de Potência Máxima Pontos de Potência Máxima Células Fotovoltaicas Conversor Boost DC-DC