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Prevalência de Uso Problemático das Redes Sociais e a Influência das Desigualdades Socioeconómicas em Adolescentes de 11, 13 e 15 Anos em Portugal
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RESUMO - Introdução: O uso problemático das redes sociais (PSMU) tornou-se num tema emergente, com impacto potencialmente prejudicial durante a adolescência, fase sensível e marcada pelo desenvolvimento psicossocial. A literatura aponta fatores como idade, sexo e estatuto socioeconómico, influentes neste tipo de comportamento, embora exista escassez de dados sobre a realidade portuguesa.
Objetivo: Analisar em que idade (11, 13 e 15 anos) há maior prevalência de PSMU em adolescentes portugueses e como os fatores socioeconómicos influenciam este uso. Avaliar também se a relação entre nível socioeconómico e PSMU difere entre distintos grupos etários.
Metodologia: Recorreu-se aos dados da Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) 2017/18. O PSMU foi construído através da Social Media Disorder Scale (SMD) e o estatuto socioeconómico pela Family Affluence Scale. Aplicou-se a estatística descritiva, teste do qui-quadrado e regressão logística binária.
Resultados: A prevalência geral de PSMU foi de 6%. Aos 13 anos verificou-se o maior risco de desenvolver PSMU (OR=2,008), seguida pelos 15 anos (OR=1,443), tendo os 11 anos como referência. As raparigas mostraram maior prevalência de PSMU mas a associação não foi uniforme, perdendo a significância em algumas idades. Não foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre níveis de estatuto socioeconómico.
Conclusão: A idade demonstrou ser um fator preditivo para PSMU, com maior vulnerabilidade aos 13 anos. A ausência de associação socioeconómica sugere que PSMU possa ser um fenómeno transversal às diferentes camadas sociais em Portugal. A nível de políticas, existe a necessidade de intervenções adaptadas à idade, que promovam a literacia digital e suporte psicossocial.
ABSTRACT - Introduction: Problematic social media use (PSMU) has become an emerging issue with potentially harmful impacts during adolescence, a sensitive stage marked by psychosocial development. The literature highlights age, sex, and socioeconomic status as influential factors in this behaviour, although data regarding the Portuguese context remains scarce. Objective: To analyse at which age (11, 13, or 15 years) the prevalence of PSMU is highest among Portuguese adolescents and how socioeconomic factors influence this use. Also, to assess whether the relationship between socioeconomic status and PSMU differs across age groups. Methodology: Data from the 2017/18 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) survey was used. PSMU was assessed using the Social Media Disorder Scale (SMD), and socioeconomic status was measured through Family Affluence Scale. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and binary logistic regression were applied. Results: The overall prevalence of PSMU was 6%. Adolescents aged 13 showed the highest risk of developing PSMU (OR=2,008), followed by those aged 15 (OR=1,443), with age 11 as the reference group. Girls showed a higher prevalence of PSMU, but this association was not uniform and lost significance at certain ages. No statistically significant differences were found across socioeconomic levels. Conclusion: Age was shown to be a predictive factor for PSMU, with age 13 representing a particularly vulnerable period. The absence of socioeconomic association suggests that PSMU may be a phenomenon observed across all social strata in Portugal. At a policy level, age-specific interventions promoting digital literacy and psychosocial support are recommended.
ABSTRACT - Introduction: Problematic social media use (PSMU) has become an emerging issue with potentially harmful impacts during adolescence, a sensitive stage marked by psychosocial development. The literature highlights age, sex, and socioeconomic status as influential factors in this behaviour, although data regarding the Portuguese context remains scarce. Objective: To analyse at which age (11, 13, or 15 years) the prevalence of PSMU is highest among Portuguese adolescents and how socioeconomic factors influence this use. Also, to assess whether the relationship between socioeconomic status and PSMU differs across age groups. Methodology: Data from the 2017/18 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) survey was used. PSMU was assessed using the Social Media Disorder Scale (SMD), and socioeconomic status was measured through Family Affluence Scale. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and binary logistic regression were applied. Results: The overall prevalence of PSMU was 6%. Adolescents aged 13 showed the highest risk of developing PSMU (OR=2,008), followed by those aged 15 (OR=1,443), with age 11 as the reference group. Girls showed a higher prevalence of PSMU, but this association was not uniform and lost significance at certain ages. No statistically significant differences were found across socioeconomic levels. Conclusion: Age was shown to be a predictive factor for PSMU, with age 13 representing a particularly vulnerable period. The absence of socioeconomic association suggests that PSMU may be a phenomenon observed across all social strata in Portugal. At a policy level, age-specific interventions promoting digital literacy and psychosocial support are recommended.
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Uso problemático das redes sociais Health behaviour in school-aged children Adolescência Distúrbio de dependência Internet Problematic social media use Adolescence Addiction disorder