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Necessidades e preocupações de saúde das mulheres na gravidez, parto e doze meses após o parto
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RESUMO - Introdução: A gravidez e o parto são acontecimentos marcantes na vida de qualquer
mulher, podendo levar a diversas consequências para a sua saúde, sendo elas físicas
ou psicológicas, ainda que anos após o parto. O ano que se segue ao parto é um
momento de transição significativa para as mulheres, que envolve mudanças
fisiológicas e psicossociais. Desta forma, é um momento em que as mulheres são
vulneráveis a problemas de saúde diretamente relacionados ao parto e ao autocuidado
comprometido. Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar as necessidades e
preocupações de saúde das mulheres nos períodos da gravidez, parto e um ano após o
parto, incluindo as suas experiências e perspectivas quanto aos cuidados de saúde
oferecidos.
Resultados: Uma percentagem elevada de participantes (50%) considerou que,
durante o acompanhamento da gravidez, teve sempre oportunidade para colocar
questões e dúvidas e considerou que os temas mais importantes tinham sido
abordados. Quase metade da amostra (44%) considerou que, no hospital, recebeu toda
a informação que precisava acerca da sua recuperação. Já no que se refere ao período
após o parto, muitas respondentes (73%) reportaram necessidades e preocupações
referentes a este período, designadamente necessidade de mais tempo para si. Por
outro lado, uma percentagem elevada de participantes (50%) reportou queixas físicas
(por exemplo, dores nas costas) e emocionais (84%), por exemplo, cansaço e exaustão.
Adicionalmente, quase 45% das participantes classificou o seu estado de saúde como
bom e, por comparação com o período anterior à gravidez, 53%considerou ser
relativamente igual. A maior parte das respondentes (90%) não foi encaminhada pelo
seu médico para outro profissional de saúde, mas mais de metade das participantes
(55%) tomaram a iniciativa de procurar outros cuidados de saúde. Muitas participantes
comentaram a necessidade de uma maior atenção à saúde da mulher no período que
se segue ao parto.
Conclusão: Os resultados obtidos expressam que para as mulheres a vigilância da
gravidez é satisfatória e que embora não represente uma preocupação para as
inquiridas, foram descritas algumas críticas sobre a abordagem profissional e
procedimentos realizados no parto. Isto demonstra que as mulheres temem as
complicações pertinentes ao momento do parto como intercorrências e a própria dor e
ao mesmo tempo problemas atrelados à prestação de serviço. A atenção no puerpério
configura-se uma preocupação para mulheres, sugerindo a necessidade de apoio físico
e emocional, de mais serviços e especialidades médicas no acompanhamento ao
puerpério, além de mais orientações e suporte na amamentação. O cuidado com a
saúde da mãe é um processo complexo, multidimensional no qual as necessidades
físicas, emocionais, psicossociais e da família devem ser levadas em conta na conduta
profissional, assim verificou-se que o cuidado centrado na família podem ajudar a
promover uma maior aplicação deste conceito aos serviços da maternidade.
ABSTRACT - Introduction: Pregnancy and childbirth are remarkable events in the life of any woman, and can lead to several consequences for their health, whether physical or psychological, even years after childbirth. The year following childbirth is a time of transition for women, which involves physiological and psychosocial changes. Thus, it is a time when women are vulnerable to health problems directly related to childbirth and compromised self-care. This study aimed to analyze the health needs and concerns of women during pregnancy, during and one year after delivery, including their experiences and perspectives regarding the health care offered. Results: A high rate of participants (50%) considered that, during the follow-up of the pregnancy, she always had the opportunity to ask questions and doubts and considerations that the most important themes were constituted. Almost half of the sample (44%), considered that, in the hospital, completes all the information he needs about his recovery. As for the postpartum period, many respondents (73%) reported needs and concerns regarding this period, namely the need for more time for themselves. On the other hand, a high percentage of participants (50%) reported physical complaints (for example, back pain) and emotional complaints (84%), for example, tiredness and exhaustion. In addition, almost 45% of the participants rated their health status as good and, compared to the period before pregnancy, 53% considered it to be relatively equal. Most of the participants (90%) were not referred by their doctor to another health professional, but more than half of the participants (55%) took the initiative to seek other health care. Many participants commented on the need for greater attention to women's health in the period following childbirth. Conclusion: The results obtained express that for women the pregnancy surveillance is satisfactory and that although it does not represent a concern for the respondents, some criticisms about the professional approach and procedures performed during childbirth were described. This shows that women fear complications related to the moment of delivery, such as complications and pain itself, and at the same time problems linked to the provision of services. Postpartum care is a concern for women, suggesting the need for physical and emotional support, more services and medical specialties in the postpartum follow-up, in addition to more guidance and support in breastfeeding. Care for the mother's health is a complex, multidimensional process in which the physical, emotional, psychosocial and family needs must be taken into account in professional conduct, thus it was found that family-centered care can help promote greater application of this concept to maternity services.
ABSTRACT - Introduction: Pregnancy and childbirth are remarkable events in the life of any woman, and can lead to several consequences for their health, whether physical or psychological, even years after childbirth. The year following childbirth is a time of transition for women, which involves physiological and psychosocial changes. Thus, it is a time when women are vulnerable to health problems directly related to childbirth and compromised self-care. This study aimed to analyze the health needs and concerns of women during pregnancy, during and one year after delivery, including their experiences and perspectives regarding the health care offered. Results: A high rate of participants (50%) considered that, during the follow-up of the pregnancy, she always had the opportunity to ask questions and doubts and considerations that the most important themes were constituted. Almost half of the sample (44%), considered that, in the hospital, completes all the information he needs about his recovery. As for the postpartum period, many respondents (73%) reported needs and concerns regarding this period, namely the need for more time for themselves. On the other hand, a high percentage of participants (50%) reported physical complaints (for example, back pain) and emotional complaints (84%), for example, tiredness and exhaustion. In addition, almost 45% of the participants rated their health status as good and, compared to the period before pregnancy, 53% considered it to be relatively equal. Most of the participants (90%) were not referred by their doctor to another health professional, but more than half of the participants (55%) took the initiative to seek other health care. Many participants commented on the need for greater attention to women's health in the period following childbirth. Conclusion: The results obtained express that for women the pregnancy surveillance is satisfactory and that although it does not represent a concern for the respondents, some criticisms about the professional approach and procedures performed during childbirth were described. This shows that women fear complications related to the moment of delivery, such as complications and pain itself, and at the same time problems linked to the provision of services. Postpartum care is a concern for women, suggesting the need for physical and emotional support, more services and medical specialties in the postpartum follow-up, in addition to more guidance and support in breastfeeding. Care for the mother's health is a complex, multidimensional process in which the physical, emotional, psychosocial and family needs must be taken into account in professional conduct, thus it was found that family-centered care can help promote greater application of this concept to maternity services.
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Palavras-chave
Saúde da mulher gravidez parto puerpério Women's health pregnancy childbirth puerperium