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Identificação do Potencial de Eficiência Energética do Edificado Residencial de Alfama
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Portugal tem demonstrado um elevado grau de ambição e determinação para estar na vanguarda da transição energética por via de uma aposta forte nas energias renováveis, na sustentabilidade e eficiência energética. A metodologia utilizada nesta dissertação para avaliar o potencial de eficiência energética dos edifícios das habitações no bairro de Alfama,selecionado como caso de estudo, suporta-se na análisede seis tipologias de edifícios residenciais representativosno bairro. De forma a caracterizar ao pormenor as residências incluídas nas tipologias, recorreu-se à análise de 4142 certificados energéticos provenientes da base de dados nacional de certificados energéticos (ADENE). As necessidades energéticas obtidas para os cenários de melhoria foram comparadas com as da situação atual. No cenário A, as aplicações das medidas de melhoria na cobertura permitem uma redução potencial de 29% das necessidades totais, nos envidraçados 11%e nas paredes 54%. Relativamente às necessidades de arrefecimento de espaços, as melhorias da cobertura induzem uma redução de 33%, nos envidraçados 10% e nas paredes as necessidades aumentaram cerca de6%. Quando aplicadas todas as medidas simultaneamente, verificou-se uma redução de 92% das necessidades de aquecimento e de 35% nas necessidades de arrefecimento face à situação atual(cenário A). Neste cenárioa reabilitação das coberturas estima-se em cerca de 10,5 M€em todas as tipologias, as janelas cerca de 67 M€e para as paredes 25 M€. A aplicação destas medidas em todos os edifícios de Alfama exige um investimento global de perto100 milhões de euros.No Cenário B,com a aplicação das medidas na cobertura dos edifícios estima-se uma redução potencial das necessidades de aquecimento de28%, nos envidraçados de 20% e de 47% nas paredes. Quanto às necessidades de arrefecimento, notou-se uma redução de 31% nas coberturas e um aumento de 6% nos envidraçados e 4% nas paredes. Estes valores de impacto refletem o trade off existente entre aplicações de medidas de renovação para melhorar o conforto térmico durante ambas as estações (de aquecimento e arrefecimento). Por último, a implementação das medidas de cada envolvente simultaneamente no cenário B resulta em reduções de82% no aquecimento e 20% para o arrefecimento. Para o cenário B, a aplicação das medidas de eficiência energética para a cobertura poderão custar cerca de 2,9 M€, para as janelas cerca de 26 M€ e para as paredes perto de 17 milhões de euros, perfazendo um total de 45 M€.
Portugal has set a high degree of ambition and determination to be at the forefront of the energy transition through a strong commitment to renewable energies, sustainability and energy efficiency. The methodology used in this dissertation to evaluate the energy efficiency potential of the residential buildings in the Alfama neighborhood,selected as a case study, is supported by the analysis of six types of representative residential buildings. In order to characterize in detail,the dwellings included in the typologies, an analysis of 4142 energy certificates from the national database of energy performance certificates (ADENE) was used. The energy needs obtained for the retrofitting scenarios were compared with those of the current situation. In scenario A, the application of measures to improve rooftop coverage allows a reduction of 29% of space heating energyneeds, 11% bywindows related measures, and 54%in walls. With regard to space cooling needs, the improvements in coverage induce a decline of 33%, of windows10% and on the walls the needs have increased by approximately 6%. When all measures were applied simultaneously, there was a 92% reduction in space heating needs and a 35% reduction in cooling needs compared to the current situation. In scenario A, the application of roofretrofitting measures is estimated at around 10.5 M€ forall typologies, windows around 67 M€ and for walls 25 M€. The application of these measures in all buildings present in Alfama, requires an investment of approximately 100 million euros.For scenario B, the application of the measures in the building stock influenced the reduction of heating needs by28% due toimproved insulation of roofs, 20% due to windows replacementand 47% due towalls. Regarding cooling needs, roof measures allows a potential decrease of 31%, but anincrease of 6% from windows and 4% fromwalls. These impact values reflect the trade-off between applications of renovation measures to improve thermal comfort during both seasons (heating and cooling). Finally, the implementation of the overall set of measures show a significant reduction,of 82% in space heating and 20% in space cooling energy needs.For this scenario, the retrofitting measures for all residential building stock in Alfama requires an investment of 45 M€ (2.9 M€ for roofs; 26 M€ for windows; and 17 M€ for walls retrofitting.
Portugal has set a high degree of ambition and determination to be at the forefront of the energy transition through a strong commitment to renewable energies, sustainability and energy efficiency. The methodology used in this dissertation to evaluate the energy efficiency potential of the residential buildings in the Alfama neighborhood,selected as a case study, is supported by the analysis of six types of representative residential buildings. In order to characterize in detail,the dwellings included in the typologies, an analysis of 4142 energy certificates from the national database of energy performance certificates (ADENE) was used. The energy needs obtained for the retrofitting scenarios were compared with those of the current situation. In scenario A, the application of measures to improve rooftop coverage allows a reduction of 29% of space heating energyneeds, 11% bywindows related measures, and 54%in walls. With regard to space cooling needs, the improvements in coverage induce a decline of 33%, of windows10% and on the walls the needs have increased by approximately 6%. When all measures were applied simultaneously, there was a 92% reduction in space heating needs and a 35% reduction in cooling needs compared to the current situation. In scenario A, the application of roofretrofitting measures is estimated at around 10.5 M€ forall typologies, windows around 67 M€ and for walls 25 M€. The application of these measures in all buildings present in Alfama, requires an investment of approximately 100 million euros.For scenario B, the application of the measures in the building stock influenced the reduction of heating needs by28% due toimproved insulation of roofs, 20% due to windows replacementand 47% due towalls. Regarding cooling needs, roof measures allows a potential decrease of 31%, but anincrease of 6% from windows and 4% fromwalls. These impact values reflect the trade-off between applications of renovation measures to improve thermal comfort during both seasons (heating and cooling). Finally, the implementation of the overall set of measures show a significant reduction,of 82% in space heating and 20% in space cooling energy needs.For this scenario, the retrofitting measures for all residential building stock in Alfama requires an investment of 45 M€ (2.9 M€ for roofs; 26 M€ for windows; and 17 M€ for walls retrofitting.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
conforto térmico eficiência energética necessidades energéticas de aquecimento e arrefecimento tipologias de edifícios residenciais