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Comportamentos, conhecimentos e autoeficácia sobre saúde oral das mães e o contributo das sessões de educação para a saúde oral da grávida e do bebé
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RESUMO - Introdução: A saúde oral na gravidez é determinante para o bem-estar materno e infantil. As sessões de educação para a saúde oral, integradas nos cursos de preparação para o nascimento e parentalidade, são oportunidades para promover literacia em saúde e práticas preventivas. Este estudo pretendeu avaliar os comportamentos, conhecimentos e perceção de autoeficácia em saúde oral das mães, bem como o contributo dessas sessões.
Metodologia: Realizou-se um estudo quasi-experimental, retrospetivo, com 230 mães de crianças até 2 anos, residentes no Algarve, distribuídas por grupo de intervenção (n=92) e controlo (n=138). A recolha de dados foi feita por questionário online com variáveis sociodemográficas, hábitos de higiene oral maternos e infantis, conhecimentos (OHLI, OHK16) e autoeficácia (OHSE) Procedeu-se a análise descritiva e inferencial.
Resultados: Verificaram-se níveis elevados de conhecimento materno e pediátrico, com lacunas no papel do flúor, higiene interdentária e transmissão bacteriana mãe-bebé. O grupo de intervenção apresentou desempenho ligeiramente superior nas práticas preventivas precoces (e.g., início da higiene antes da erupção dentária, uso de dentífrico fluoretado). Não se observaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas nos comportamentos nem na autoeficácia, sugerindo que a informação isolada é insuficiente para mudanças sustentadas. Cerca de metade das participantes relatou alterações nas rotinas de higiene após a sessão.
Conclusões: A participação em sessões de educação para a saúde oral mostrou-se útil para reforçar a literacia em saúde e fomentar práticas preventivas. Evidencia-se, contudo, a necessidade de intervenções mais dinâmicas e contínuas que promovam não só conhecimentos, mas também competências e capacitação efetiva das mães.
ABSTRACT - Introduction: Oral health during pregnancy is crucial for maternal and child well-being,. Oral health education sessions, integrated into childbirth and parenting preparation courses, provide valuable opportunities to promote health literacy and preventive practices. This study aimed do assess mothers’ oral health behaviours`, knowledge, and self-efficacy, as well as the contribution of these educational sessions. Methods: A retrospective, quasi-experimental, study was conducted with 230 mothers of children up to two years old, residing in the Algarve region, divided into an intervention group (n=92) and a control group (n=138). Data were collected through an online questionnaire including sociodemographic variables, maternal and infant oral hygiene habits, knowledge (OHLI, OHK16), and self-efficacy (OHSE). Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were performed. Results: High levels of maternal and paediatric oral health knowledge were observed, although gaps remained regarding fluoride use, interdental hygiene, and mother-to-child bacterial transmission. The intervention group showed slightly better performance, particularly in early preventive practices such as initiating oral hygiene before tooth eruption and using fluoride toothpaste. No statistically significant differences were found in behaviours or self-efficacy, suggesting that information alone may be insufficient to produce sustained behavioural change. Approximately half of the participants reported modifying their hygiene routines after attending the session. Conclusions: Participation in oral health education sessions proved useful in strengthening health literacy and encouraging preventive practices. However, the findings highlight the need for more dynamic and continuous interventions that not only enhance knowledge but also foster skills and effective empowerment among mothers.
ABSTRACT - Introduction: Oral health during pregnancy is crucial for maternal and child well-being,. Oral health education sessions, integrated into childbirth and parenting preparation courses, provide valuable opportunities to promote health literacy and preventive practices. This study aimed do assess mothers’ oral health behaviours`, knowledge, and self-efficacy, as well as the contribution of these educational sessions. Methods: A retrospective, quasi-experimental, study was conducted with 230 mothers of children up to two years old, residing in the Algarve region, divided into an intervention group (n=92) and a control group (n=138). Data were collected through an online questionnaire including sociodemographic variables, maternal and infant oral hygiene habits, knowledge (OHLI, OHK16), and self-efficacy (OHSE). Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were performed. Results: High levels of maternal and paediatric oral health knowledge were observed, although gaps remained regarding fluoride use, interdental hygiene, and mother-to-child bacterial transmission. The intervention group showed slightly better performance, particularly in early preventive practices such as initiating oral hygiene before tooth eruption and using fluoride toothpaste. No statistically significant differences were found in behaviours or self-efficacy, suggesting that information alone may be insufficient to produce sustained behavioural change. Approximately half of the participants reported modifying their hygiene routines after attending the session. Conclusions: Participation in oral health education sessions proved useful in strengthening health literacy and encouraging preventive practices. However, the findings highlight the need for more dynamic and continuous interventions that not only enhance knowledge but also foster skills and effective empowerment among mothers.
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Saúde oral Gravidez Cárie precoce da infância Educação para a saúde Autoeficácia Saúde materna Oral health Pregnancy Early childhood caries Health education Self-efficacy Maternal health