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Ecotoxicological responses of juvenile Sparus aurata to BDE-99 and BPA exposure
Publication . Dias, Marta; Pereira, Marta; Marmelo, Isa; Anacleto, Patrícia; Pousão-Ferreira, Pedro; Cunha, Sara C.; Fernandes, José O.; Petrarca, Mateus; Marques, António; Martins, Marta; Maulvault, Ana Luísa; UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit; DCEA - Departamento de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente; MARE - Centro de Ciências do Mar e do Ambiente; Elsevier
Pentabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-99) and bisphenol A (BPA) are synthetic organic compounds present in several daily use products. Due to their physicochemical properties, they are ubiquitously present in aquatic ecosystems and considered highly persistent. Recent evidence has confirmed that both emerging compounds are toxic to humans and terrestrial mammals eliciting a wide range of detrimental effects at endocrine and immune levels. However, the ecotoxicological responses that they can trigger in vertebrate marine species have not yet been established. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the ecotoxicological responses of juvenile Sparus aurata upon chronic (28 days) dietary exposure to BDE-99 and BPA (alone and combined) following an integrated multi-biomarker approach that combined fitness indicators (Fulton's K and splenosomatic indexes) with endocrine [cortisol, 17β-estradiol (E2), 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) concentrations] and immune (peroxidase and antiprotease activities) endpoints in fish plasma, and oxidative stress [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities, and lipid peroxidation (LPO)] endpoints in the fish spleen. The mixture of BDE-99 and BPA yielded the highest IBR index value in both plasma and spleen biomarkers, therefore, suggesting that the effects of these compounds are more severe when they act together. Endocrine biomarkers were the most responsive in the three contaminated treatments. Fitness indicators were not affected by the individual nor the interactive effects of BDE-99 and BPA. These findings highlight the relevance of accounting for the interactive effects of emerging chemical contaminants and integrating responses associated with distinct biological pathways when investigating their impacts on marine life, as such a multi-biomarker approach provides a broader, more realistic and adequate perspective of challenges faced by fish in a contaminated environment.
Ecotoxicological effects of emerging endocrine disruptor pollutants (BDE 99 and Bisphenol A) in juvenile marine fish
Publication . Pereira, Marta Sofia Simões; Martins, Marta; Maulvault, Ana
In the past years, with the evolution of anthropogenic activities, environmental pollution
has increased, affecting several different species and decreasing ecosystems biodiversity. Ecosystems can be altered due to the presence of xenobiotics, such as emergent contaminants.
ECs are not legislated and their complexity and low concentrations in the environment makes
their detection a current challenge.
Within this context, the aim of this study was to assess the effects of two emerging and
non-regulated EDCs, BDE-99 and BPA, alone or in a mixture, on juvenile Sparus aurata, for a
period of 28 days. The nominal contaminant concentrations used in daily fed in this trial were:
[BDE99] = 3 μg g-1 dry weight; [BPA] = 15 μg g-1 dry weight; [BDE99+BPA] = 3 μg g-1 dry weight
+ 15 μg g-1 dry weight.
Several biomarkers related with antioxidant, immune and endocrine responses were analyzed in fish plasma and spleen. The CAT, SOD and GST activities decreased and LPO damage increased when fish were exposed to BDE-99, indicating that the antioxidant defense mechanisms were not activated during exposure leading to lipoperoxidation damage.
VTG content and 17β-estradiol concentration decreased in all tested treatments, while
11-ketotestosterone concentration showed an increase in all tested treatments, especially in BPA.
No effects were detected in the immune responses as a result of the exposure to BDE-99 and BPA, single and combined.
Even though the biomarkers tested showed a reaction to the presence of the tested contaminants, such exposure did not lead to alterations in the animal fitness.
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Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
Programa de financiamento
9471 - RIDTI
Número da atribuição
PTDC/ASP-PES/28708/2017