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Tecnocracia e «tecnocatólicos» no Estado Novo
Publication . Almeida, João Miguel; Instituto de História Contemporânea (IHC)
Este capítulo analisa a ação e o pensamento de um grupo de tecnocratas católicos no Estado Novo a partir da década de 1950. Este grupo, que o autor denomina de «tecnocatólicos», constituía uma elite de técnicos do Estado que pretendiam a modernização tecnológica e científica da economia portuguesa e uma distribuição mais justa da riqueza. Como declarou um dos seus líderes, Adérito das Sedas Nunes, para eles a democracia foi mais um ponto e chegada do que de partida.
Place, gender and the making of natural history
Publication . Albuquerque, Sara; Martins, Luciana; Instituto de História Contemporânea (IHC); Elsevier
In 1895, the forty-year old Hannah im Thurn (née Lorimer) embarked on a new life as a colonial wife in the tropics, having just married the explorer and administrator Everard im Thurn. She accompanied her husband on a two-year sojourn in British Guiana, where they lived in Morawahanna, a remote settlement near the Venezuelan frontier. This paper contributes to a broader historical geography of the field sciences by providing a glimpse into relations across the porous boundaries between the private and the public, the domestic and the official, that shaped the production of natural history knowledge in the colonial context. By piecing together evidence from family letters, photographs, drawings and sculptures produced in British Guiana, we seek to make Hannah's presence in the historical record – and in Everard's scientific and administrative life – more visible. In particular, the paper contributes to the increasing body of work on gender and science which has begun to unravel the entangled histories of personal partnerships that have shaped modern science.
Women writing and family archives
Publication . Urbano, Pedro; Instituto de História Contemporânea (IHC)
The history of womankind can only be properly explored by looking at the writings of women themselves. Because of this, family archives are essential to reconstruct women’s biographies historically, which frequently are unknown. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how family archives, and especially biographical writing, make it possible to learn more about the universe of women, in particular in nineteenth-century Portugal. Since most of the examples available concern the aristocracy of the time, some characteristics can be detected that defi ne this writing and the social group it belongs to.
Decolonization in Portuguese Africa
Publication . Oliveira, Pedro Aires; Instituto de História Contemporânea (IHC); Departamento de História (DH); Instituto Português de Relações Internacionais (IPRI)
The dissolution of Portugal’s African empire took place in the mid-1970s, a decade after the dismantling of similar imperial formations across Europe. Contrary to other European metropoles, Portuguese rulers were unwilling to meet the demands for self-determination in their dependencies, and thus mobilized considerable resources for a long, drawn-out conflict in Angola, Guinea, and Mozambique from 1961 to 1974. Several factors can explain Lisbon’s refusal to come to terms with the “winds of change” that had swept Africa since the late 1950s, from the belief of its decision-makers that Portugal lacked the means to conduct a successful “exit strategy” (akin to the “neocolonial” approach followed by the British, the French, or the Belgians), to the dictatorial nature of Salazar’s “New State,” which prevented a free and open debate on the costs of upholding an empire against the anti-colonial consensus that had prevailed in the United Nations since the early 1960s. Taking advantage of its Cold War alliances (as well as secret pacts with Rhodesia and South Africa), Portugal was long able to accommodate the armed insurgencies that erupted in three of its colonies, thereby containing external pressures to decolonize. Through an approach that combined classic “divide and rule” tactics, schemes for population control, and developmental efforts, Portugal’s African empire was able to soldier on for longer than many observers expected. But this uncompromising stance came with a price: the armed forces’ dissatisfaction with a stalemate that had no end in sight. In April 1974, a military coup d’etat put an end to five decades of authoritarianism in the metropole and cleared the way for transfer of power arrangements in the five lusophone African territories. The outcome, though, would be an extremely disorderly transition, in which the political inexperience of the new elites in Lisbon, the die-hard attitude of groups of white settlers, the divisions among the African nationalists, and the meddling of foreign powers all played critical roles.
Os futuros cientistas e o seu comprometimento cívico
Publication . Fitas, Augusto; Instituto de História Contemporânea (IHC)
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Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
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5876
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UID/HIS/04209/2013