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Religião como cultura?
Publication . Leal, Joâo; Centro em Rede de Investigação em Antropologia (CRIA - NOVA FCSH); Departamento de Antropologia (DA)
Este artigo visa proceder ao exame das políticas e práticas de objetificação das festas do Divino de São Luís (Maranhão) e dos seus impactos nos terreiros de tambor de mina, onde se realiza a maioria das festas. Defende que um dos efeitos dessas políticas e práticas foi a culturalização das festas, isto é, a sua tematização em torno de ideias sobre cultura, raízes e tradição. Examina também os termos dessa culturalização. Esta deve ser vista não tanto como um processo de ressignificação radical das festas, mas como um processo de adição de um novo significado – cultural – aos significados – religiosos e sociais – que continuam a caracterizar as festas.
«Vidas segundas»
Publication . Alves, Vera Marques; Prista, Marta; Silva, Rita Jerónimo da; Centro em Rede de Investigação em Antropologia (CRIA - NOVA FCSH)
The possibility of Personalized Medicine
Publication . Costa, José Carlos Pinto da; Centro em Rede de Investigação em Antropologia (CRIA - NOVA FCSH)
By applying genomics research and cutting-edge technologies to the imaging and the analysis of molecular-based biomarkers, Precision, or Personalized, Medicine (PM) is a groundbreaking medical care approach which aims to predict, prevent and treat diseases thus providing healthcare according to the genetic variability of individuals and the socio-environmental context where they live. The impacts of PM on future use and access to healthcare will be enormous, and anthropologists should not disregard them. As the most important outcome of biotechnological research, PM is generated in the lab, making anthropologists to reflect about how to grasp the underlying engineers’ and other experts’ modes of knowing inside such fieldsite and how to analyze the discursive transduction of the outcomes of such modes into everyday practices outside it. The purpose of this paper is to reflect on the hypothesis of ethnographic experimental collaboration as an effective way of doing this.
The symbolic efficacy of medicinal plants
Publication . Frazão-Moreira, Amélia; Centro em Rede de Investigação em Antropologia (CRIA - NOVA FCSH); BioMed Central (BMC)
Background: In attempting to understand how the use of medicinal plants is symbolically valued and transformed according to specific cosmologies, we gain valuable insight into the ethnopharmacologial practices, in terms of the major role played by healers, as custodians of local ethnobotanical knowledge, but also as ritual masters. Thus, the goal of this paper is to understand how medicinal plants are used differently depending on a combination between the healers' field of expertise and personal history on the one hand, and the diversified religious and symbolical frameworks on the other. Methods: This essay is based on intense ethnographical research carried out amongst the Nalu people of Guinea-Bissau. Methods included participant observation and semi-directed interviews with six locally-renown healers (four men and two women). The progress of their work and the changes operated within the sets of beliefs associated with ethnopharmacological practices were registered by means of repeated field visits. Results: A total of 98 species and 147 uses are accounted for, as well as a description of the plant parts that were used, as well as the methods of preparation and application according to the different healers' specialized practices. At the same time, this research describes those processes based on pre-Islamic and Muslim cosmologies through which medicinal plants are accorded their value, and treatments are granted their symbolic efficiency. Conclusions: Medicinal plants are valued differently in the pre-Islamic medicine and in the medicine practiced by Islamic masters. The increasing relevance of Islam within this context has affected the symbolic framework of ethnopharmacological practices. Nevertheless, the endurance of those processes by which symbolic efficiency is attributed to local treatments based on plants is explained not only by the syncretic nature of African Islam, but also by the fact that patients adopt different therapeutic pathways simultaneously.
Entheseal changes
Publication . Cardoso, Francisca Alves; Henderson, Charlotte Yvette; Centro em Rede de Investigação em Antropologia (CRIA - NOVA FCSH); Universidade de Coimbra
In this paper, we present a review of research in Portugal on entheseal changes (EC), widely used to record activity-patterns. This is explored chronologically and thematically, from the beginning of the research on EC addressing the development of research methods tested through their use in identified collections, which sought to infer if the physical activity leads to EC, to a workshop in 2009, dedicated to EC, through to the recently published outputs of the working groups set up at that meeting. We will also discuss the role of individuals and the world class identified skeletal collections. Key trends include the systematic development of recording methods, their testing and the interrogation of the interplay of biology and society in occupation. The recent outputs of all the working groups will inform current and future research, meaning that the Portuguese role in the study of entheses will be long-lived and continue to be of international significance.
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Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
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5876
Número da atribuição
UID/ANT/04038/2013