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- Time-Scale Dependent Relations Between Earth Observation Based Proxies of Vegetation ProductivityPublication . Linscheid, Nora; Mahecha, Miguel D.; Rammig, Anja; Carvalhais, Nuno; Gans, Fabian; Nelson, Jacob A.; Walther, Sophia; Weber, Ulrich; Reichstein, Markus; DCEA - Departamento de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente; American Geophysical Union | WileyMuch uncertainty remains in measuring the inter-annual and longer-term dynamics of vegetation gross and net primary productivity (GPP, NPP) and the connected land carbon sink. Potential for better GPP estimation lies in newer satellite products representing different processes or vegetation states, but how they capture interannual GPP dynamics remains to be explored. Here, we differentiate shorter- and longer-term vegetation dynamics and their drivers for several Earth-observation-based vegetation proxies and a GPP estimate using time series decomposition. We find that relations between proxies can significantly differ between time scales, along land cover and climate gradients. For GPP estimated at FLUXNET sites, seasonal and multiannual slopes differ by at least 25% for half of the cases investigated, indicating considerable mismatch if multiannual relations were derived from seasonal slopes. Considering time-scale-specific sensitivities between proxies of vegetation productivity may improve estimates of interannual variability in vegetation productivity.
- Participatory environmental valuationPublication . Carnoye, Leslie; Lopes, Rita; DCEA - Departamento de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente; CENSE - Centro de Investigação em Ambiente e Sustentabilidade; Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI)The valuation of multiple ecosystem services requires the design of valuation processes able to integrate different dimensions of value and to cope with complexity. Following the "value-articulating institution" framework, we note that three core problems arise: the cognitive, normative and composition problems. Combining valuation methods, such as contingent valuation and multicriteria analysis, with participatory and deliberative techniques is increasingly promoted as a means to address those fundamental problems. However, the quality and legitimacy of the valuation process then becomes dependent on how participation is framed. We note that numerous issues need to be taken into account, such as the roles assumed by participants, the differences in contribution among participants, the level of participatory impact and the level of democratization of the decision-making process. This paper proposes a detailed qualitative analysis of four case studies, each of them having implemented a specific valuation method in a participatory process. We analyze how those cases were handled in each of the dimensions considered and offer our conclusions about the added values and remaining challenges related to participatory environmental valuation.
- Why, how and what do organizations achieve with the implementation of environmental management systems? Lessons from a comprehensive review on the Eco-Management and Audit SchemePublication . Tourais, Patrícia; Videira, Nuno; CENSE - Centro de Investigação em Ambiente e Sustentabilidade; DCEA - Departamento de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente; Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI)The Eco-Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS) was established in 1993 in the European Union as a voluntary instrument facilitating the implementation of organisational environmental policies and management of environmental aspects. We present a comprehensive literature review on EMAS research, organized according to three broad questions: Why do organisations choose EMAS? How is the scheme implemented and adapted to organisational characteristics? And what results are achieved? We have built analysis matrices to critically review 80 articles published over the past two decades and to identify the recurrent research themes addressing each question. We found that the decision to adopt EMAS is motivated by a set of internal and external factors, compounded by the potential of an organisation to combine the scheme with other EMS standards and environmental management tools. These themes are the ones most extensively covered by existing literature. To answer the question on how organisations implement and adapt to the scheme, two themes have been identified covering EMS planning and operation issues and sectoral approaches. Results show that the focus has been put on development of methods for assessing the significance of environmental aspects, implementing environmental policies and developing indicators for tracking performance and elaborating environmental statements. The development of sectoral approaches that adapt EMAS to characteristics of different economic activity sectors is also emerging as a critical research development. Finally, the themes addressing results achieved with EMAS implementation have only recently surfaced in the literature. The achievement of sustained environmental performance improvements through EMAS adoption is both contested and supported in the reviewed studies. On the other hand, improvements in the relationships with stakeholders arise as one of the most important intangible outcomes of the scheme. We conclude our review by advancing a systematic set of future research opportunities in this field.
- Human societies began to play a significant role in global sediment transfer 4,000 years agoPublication . Jenny, Jean Philippe; Koirala, Sujan; Gregory-Eaves, Irene; Francus, Pierre; Ahrens, Bernhard; Brovkin, Victor; Ojala, Antti E. K.; Zolitschka, Bernd; Bader, Juergen; Carvalhais, Nuno; DCEA - Departamento de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente; National Academy of Sciences
- Collection: the strongest link for a sustainable solid waste managementPublication . Pires, Ana; Martinho, Graça; Rodrigues, Susana; Gomes, Maria Isabel; DCEA - Departamento de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente; MARE - Centro de Ciências do Mar e do Ambiente; CMA - Centro de Matemática e Aplicações; DM - Departamento de Matemática; Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam.
- Memory effects of climate and vegetation affecting net ecosystem CO2 fluxes in global forests (vol 14, e0211510, 2019)Publication . Besnard, Simon; Carvalhais, Nuno; Arain, M. Altaf; Black, Aaron; Brede, Benjamin; Buchmann, Nina; CENSE - Centro de Investigação em Ambiente e Sustentabilidade; DCEA - Departamento de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente; PLOS - Public Library of Science