Revista de História da Arte (2020) N.º 15
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- Spanish Censorship and Buñuel’s Film L’Âge D´OrPublication . Gómez, Ángeles AlemánThis article examines the case of Spanish censorship and the copy of Buñuel’s film L’Âge d’Or, which Breton had brought to Tenerife in 1935. Breton’s intention was not only to show it in Spain, but also to compensate the Canarian writers for the debt incurred with their visit. After Breton and his friends left the Canary Islands, the collaborators of magazine Gaceta de arte [Art Review] tried to screen the film, but were unable to. The political censors, instigated by the Catholic Church, made it impossible. The film was sent to Las Palmas, where it was eventually lost. After researching several archives, as well as newspapers published in 1935 and 1936 in the Canary Islands, it was possible to reconstruct the case of the Spanish censorship and the interdiction to screen the film.
- Art, Censorship and Historical Revisionism: Mining the Museum, Afro‑Atlantic Histories and QueermuseumPublication . Sampaio, ClaraThis article discusses works in which contemporary artists question the ideological framework of major art institutions, as well as curatorial projects that would turn exhibitions into a critical platform for debating socio-political issues. It features examples such as Fred Wilson’s Mining the Museum (1992-1993), Museum of Contemporary African Art (1997-2002), by Meschac Gaba, as well as Brazilian exhibitions Afro‑Atlantic Histories (2018) and Queermuseum (2017), supported by authors Andrea Fraser, Terry Smith and Claire Bishop in their attempts to highlight the power disputes hidden in the institutional backstage. These examples call our attention to different kinds of censorship, and to a lack of equal representation of political minorities, such as African and so-called non-Western artists. Finally, by understanding contemporary museums as multi-layered platforms, it will also discuss the new challenges faced by such institutions concerning the recent developments on the repatriation of African artifacts by European museums.
- Sex, Satire, and Censorhip: Lygia Pape’s Eat Me: Gluttony or Lust? (1975/1976)Publication . Sneed, GillianThis essay analyses two works by the Brazilian artist Lygia Pape (1927–2004): a short f ilm titled Eat Me: a Gula ou a Luxúria? (Eat Me: Gluttony or Lust?, 1975) and a related installation (1976). Both reference advertising and contain erotic images of women. I discuss these works in relation to the Brazilian television and film industries of the 1960s–1980s, including Brazilian pornography and erotica, deemed a threat to traditional values by the country’s military dictatorship (1964–1985), despite its inconsistent approach to censoring them. I suggest that Pape appropriates and satirizes—or “cannibalizes”—ads and pornography as to resist the dictatorship’s conservative sex and gender ideologies. Though Pape did not consider herself a feminist, I argue that her Eat Me film and installation present a feminist critique of the heteronormative and patriarchal discourses undergirding the dictatorship and the Brazilian mass media’s commodification of women and sex, especially in advertising and pornochanchadas (sex comedies).
- After The Persecution: The Human Body represented In Ukrainian Photography Of The Post-Soviet PeriodPublication . Myronenko, ViktoriiaThis article is devoted to the topic of the body and sexuality represented in Ukrainian photography of the 1990s – the period following Ukrainian independence. Historical, social, cultural and other aspects that influenced Ukrainian photography are considered. The impacts of the so-called Ukrainian new wave in art are analyzed. Special attention is paid to the issue of complete liberation of aesthetic principles from censorship and total control by the authorities. This meant the end of the great Soviet tradition. The Soviet mass body as an expression of a faceless but energetic society remains in the past. Artists began bold experiments with physicality. In this regard, the complexity and contradiction of the era of transition from one cultural model to another are considered. The history of the liberation of sexuality after the collapse of the USSR and the all-important issue of freedom is also investigated.
- Queermuseum. Contemporary art in Brazil has a huge past aheadPublication . Amorim, SimoneQueermuseum: Cartographies of Difference in Brazilian Art is an exhibition that explores the expression of gender and difference in Brazilian art through a set of works spanning the period from the mid-twentieth century to the present. This is the first-ever exhibition with an exclusively queer approach in Brazil, as well as the first of its scale in Latin America. The event provides ample material for the discussion of art and its politics, especially in the context of setbacks orchestrated by authoritarian conservative groups. Elements such as the censorship of themes that are deemed taboo; the influence of politics and religion in art; the parameters of art promotion practiced by large transnational corporations; and the autonomy of art in relation to the public and the market. These are the nuances addressed in this text on the Queermuseum show. The effects of this kind of episode open up a unique opportunity for both public and specialized debate about art as a catalyst for the future.
- Interview with Julião SarmentoPublication . Marques, Bruno; Duarte, Miguel Mesquita; Instituto de História da Arte (IHA); Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas, Instituto de História da ArteThis interview explores the work of Julião Sarmento, focusing on his use of explicitly erotic imagery as a form of artistic and political expression within the context of Portuguese Salazarism. The discussion examines how Sarmento’s experimental films and visual language subverted the moral restrictions imposed by the New State (Estado Novo), a regime that governed Portugal from 1933 to 1974. Through themes of desire, voyeurism, and fetishism, Sarmento’s work is positioned as an act of resistance against cultural repression, challenging conservative norms and redefining the relationship between eroticism and knowledge.
- EditorialPublication . Marques, Bruno; Duarte, Miguel Mesquita; Rodrigues, Érica Faleiro; Instituto de História da Arte (IHA); Instituto de História da Arte/FCSH-UNLThis issue of Revista de História da Arte presents a collection of articles aiming to contribute to an understanding of how censorship and the repression of sexuality and eroticism have impacted the creation, circulation, exhibi tion, and interpretation of works of art in different contexts and across several geographies; and, in turn, how the structures of censorship and control of artistic production are shaped by a range of forces including political control, forms of institutionalisation, acts of
- Madness and SexPublication . Franco, Stefanie Gil; Departamento de História da Arte (DHA); Instituto de História da Arte (IHA); Instituto de História da Arte/FCSH-UNLThe main purpose of this article is to survey some of the forms of discourse that support the relation between outsider art and the themes of pornography and sex. More specifically, it proposes to describe some relationship networks among medical and artistic theories on the conceptual problematic of outsider art. The principles of the degeneration theory in the early 20th century will be highlighted to discuss how deviant sexuality has become one of the main categories of degenerative diseases. It is considered important to understand the ways in which these degenerate artistic expressions are understood as an instinctive manifestation, such as unrepressed sexual desires or the famous cases of pederasty. O principal objetivo deste artigo é fazer um levantamento de alguns discursos que sustentam a relação entre a outsider art e os temas da pornografia e do sexo. Mais especificamente, propõe-se descrever algumas redes de relação entre teorias médicas e artísticas sobre a problemática conceitual da outsider art. Terão destaque os princípios da teoria da degeneração no início do século XX para discutir como a sexualidade desviante se tornou uma das principais categorias de doenças degenerativas. Considera-se importante compreender as maneiras pelas quais essas expressões artísticas degeneradas são entendidas como uma manifestação instintiva, tais como os desejos sexuais não reprimidos ou os famosos casos de pederastia