FCSH: DH - Artigos em revista internacional com arbitragem científica
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- Barcos, embarcaciones menores y arqueología naval en LisboaPublication . Bettencourt, José António; Mendes, Francisco; Carvalho, Patrícia; Departamento de História (DH); CHAM - Centro de Humanidades; Instituto Andaluz del Patrimonio HistóricoEn las últimas décadas, Lisboa ha ganado protagonismo en la arqueología naval portuguesa debido al frecuente hallazgo de barcos y embarcaciones pequeñas bajo los aterros que han ido ganando espacio al río en los últimos siglos. Estos restos han tenido implicaciones en la práctica arqueológica, al influir en las hipótesis de investigación y en las metodologías de trabajo. El presente artículo aborda la arqueología ribereña en Lisboa, explora las principales estrategias y metodologías utilizadas para el registro de barcos y estructuras náuticas y recoge los principales descubrimientos de los últimos cinco años. Destaca el barco Boa Vista 5, de la segunda mitad del siglo XVII y el mejor conservado de todos los excavados hasta ahora en Lisboa, y Bom Sucesso 1, Boa Vista 4, Boa Vista 6, Boa Vista 8 y Boa Vista 9, que probablemente sean pequeñas embarcaciones fluviales del siglo XIX
- De Bruijn & Cloots of LisbonPublication . Antunes, Cátia; Miranda, Susana Münch; Salvado, João Paulo; Departamento de História (DH); Brill Academic PublishersThis article examines the strategies and techniques used by foreign firms to encroach on the Portuguese Atlantic empire. It takes the Dutch firm De Bruijn & Cloots of Lisbon as a case study to analyse problems and solutions devised by foreign firms when expanding their trade operations to Brazilian ports. We analyse the variables that influenced their choice of agents and forms of agency, and the way in which problems of agency were mitigated. Based on their business correspondence, we demonstrate that the choice between the forms of trade agency available for circumventing the “colonial exclusive” depended not only on goals and strategies, but also on the amount of capital and types of goods firms could mobilize through the transnational business networks in which they were embedded. We also show that De Bruijn & Cloots used a comprehensive range of agency relationships, a strategy that was simultaneously combined with diversification in the number of agents the firm worked with to mitigate opportunistic behaviour.
- Introduction to the Special IssuePublication . Antunes, Cátia; Miranda, Susana Münch; Departamento de História (DH); Brill Academic PublishersThis introduction to the special issue Business of Empire in the Atlantic contends that business organizations (partnerships and chartered or joint-stock companies), exploitative frameworks (free trade, monopolies, and royal prerogatives) and business practices coexisted in the Atlantic for over two hundred and fifty years. There was no linear development towards the best and most efficient business model, but rather the development of hybrid forms of business and concomitant economic exploitation. The second contention is that the mechanisms through which hybrid forms of business developed in the Atlantic, and the way that transnational business networks stood at the core of these hybridities, need to be understood in a context of interconnected arenas of negotiation in Europe and in the colonies themselves. Thus, we underscore the need to continue thinking about the Atlantic as a non-linear, transnational, and uncontained space, where business innovation took place alongside and simultaneously with developments in ‘national’ political economies.
- La Diplomacia Portuguesa durante el Antiguo RégimenPublication . Gonçalo Monteiro, Nuno; Cardim, Pedro; Departamento de História (DH); Universidad Complutense de MadridEste artículo tiene como finalidad caracterizar –desde una aproximación comparativa– el perfil sociológico de la diplomacia portuguesa durante el Antiguo Régimen. A partir de una base de datos prosopográfica centrada en los doscientos treinta y siete individuos que dirigieron las misiones diplomáticas de la Corona portuguesa entre 1640 y 1834, son caracterizados los critérios (sociales e institucionales) de selección de estos servidores reales, así como sus trayectorias anteriores y posteriores en el servicio diplomático. El conjunto de datos analizados muestra que, a semejanza de lo que sucedía en otros ámbitos de la administración regia, la aristocracia también desempeñaba un papel importante en el campo diplomático. Además, la información recogida revela un dato algo sorprendente: la inexistencia de vías hegemónicas de acceso a la diplomacia –se podía llegar sirviendo en cualquiera de los campos de la administración (ejército, magistratura, burocracia, iglesia)–, detectándose, incluso, muchos embajadores sin ningún servicio anterior en una institución central. Esta situación de relativa indefinición del reclutamiento distingue, sin duda, a la diplomacia de las demás instituciones de la Corona, señalando un carácter marcadamente político de una parte significativa del personal diplomático. Por último, la información analizada demuestra, igualmente, que el servicio diplomático representó la antecámara de varias carreras en la alta política, en especial en el siglo XVIII –de sus filas saldrían la mayor parte de los secretarios de estado. This article uses a comparative approach to describe the sociological outline of Portuguese diplomacy during the Old Regime. Based on a prosopographic database of the two hundred and thinty seven individuals who headed up the diplomatic missions of the Lusitanian Crown between 1640 and 1834, the article describes the (social and institutional) criteria for selection of those royal servants, and their trajectories before and after their diplomatic service. The database material studied shows that, as in other sectors of the royal administration, the aristocracy also played an important role in the diplomatic sphere. However, the data collected also reveals a somewhat surprising fact: that there were no hegemonic ways of accessing the diplomatic career – it was possible to reach this sector by having served in any of the branches of the administration (the army, the judiciary, the bureaucracy, the church), and we even found many diplomats who had not done prior service in any central institution. This situation of a relative lack of definition in recruitment does not applied to other Crown institutions and points to the markedly political nature of a significant number of diplomatic staff. Finally, the information analysed also shows that the diplomatic service was the anteroom to several prominent careers in politics, especially in the eighteenth century – the majority of the secretaries of state of the King’s government came out of the diplomatic ranks.
- Tarraco, sector de Font dels Lleons (PERI-2)Publication . Quaresma, José Carlos; CHAM - Centro de Humanidades; Departamento de História (DH); Universidad de SevillaO presente artigo discute a estratigrafia de um sector de Tarraco, uma das mais importantes cidades portuárias do Mediterrâneo ocidental. Fruto de um intenso labor arqueológico e ceramológico, esta cidade, capital da Tarraconensis, apresenta já um quadro empírico apreciável, do ponto de vista estratigráfico e estatístico, para o seu comércio alimentar e cerâmico, respeitante ao Período Imperial e Antiguidade Tardia, romana e pós-romana. O século IV d.C., fruto da contracção da Provincia da Tarraconensis (com a criação da Gallaecia e da Carthaginensis) e da criação da Diocesis Hispaniarum (com capital em Augusta Emerita, na Lusitania), representa uma contracção da densidade urbana de Tarraco, que se reflecte arqueologicamente numa recorrente ausência de estratigrafias. Este panorama urbanístico tem levado a uma distorção da base empírica ceramológica do século IV, subrepresentada. Este artigo apresenta assim um contributo para as linhas gerais das redes de importação alimentar que a cidade tinha em práctica nesta época. The present paper discusses the stratigraphy of a sector of Tarraco, one of the most important port cities of the western Mediterranean. As the result of intense archaeological and ceramological work, this city, capital of Tarraconensis, already presents an appreciable empirical framework, from a stratigraphic and statistical point of view, for its foodstuff and ceramic trade, concerning the Imperial Period and Late Antiquity, Roman and post-Roman. The 4th century AD, because of the contraction of the Provincia of Tarraconensis (with the creation of Gallaecia and Carthaginensis) and the creation of the Diocesis Hispaniarum (with its capital in Augusta Emerita, in Lusitania), represents a contraction of Tarraco’s urban density, which is archaeologically reflected in a recurrent absence of stratigraphy. This urbanistic panorama has led to a distortion of the under-represented empirical 4th century ceramological base. This article thus presents a contribution to the general lines of the foodstuff import networks that the city had in practice at this time.
- ENNIO DE SIMONE - FRANCESCO FRISULLO - PAOLO VINCENTI, Da Oria a LisbonaPublication . Lisboa, Joao Luis; Departamento de História (DH); CHAM - Centro de Humanidades; Universita del Salento
- Reputational Recovery under Political InstabilityPublication . Costa, Leonor Freire; Miranda, Susana Münch; Departamento de História (DH); CHAM - Centro de Humanidades; Wiley-BlackwellThis article examines the reputation recovery of Portugal's public debt during the war of liberation against the former Habsburg ruler. Using novel datasets on long- and short-term debt and nominal interest rates, this study provides evidence that the sovereign borrower used debt credibility to build a pact of regime in a revolutionary context with implications for financing the war. The Portuguese kings followed an implicit budget balance rule as a reputational scheme, which made Portugal an exceptional case of military success with a low debt-to-GDP ratio and low interest rates. These conclusions contribute to the literature in various attributes of war finance, debt management, and state-making by showing that default avoidance could be as important to military success as fiscal capacity.
- Ivory trade and impact on elephant habitat and population in benguela 1790 – 1810Publication . Teles, Edgar; Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas (FCSH); Horizon Research PublishingThis paper’s subject is the inquiry of the impact of ivory consumption on elephant populations and their habitat in the course of the trading routes, in the late XVIII century and in the beginning of the XIX century (1790 – 1810) Angola. The information and the analyses for this paper was gathered and established, while doing research for a presentation in the Faculty of letters of the University of Lisbon; for an international conference where it was brought a study related to the Ivory trade from the port of Benguela to Lisbon in the mentioned period. Where, while undergoing the research, the author understood that it could be provided a quantitative universe related to the elephant population hunted in that region due Ivory demand. To undertake this article, the author consulted information available in several Portuguese archives, where he collected several documents that permitted him, based in quantitative sources, to establish an interpretation of the population of pachyderms hunted during the mentioned period. Another base of this essay, beside the quantitative data, is the references collected in XVI – XVIII century Chronicles about Angola, to establish in consonance with the archivist call sources, correlation between the hunting of the elephants with the impact, it caused in its habitat through that period. Keeping its interest in the interconnection of fields, the author investigates the notion of conservation in this period. In this case, the author tries to identify how many elephants were killed, and in what ages correspond to the most killing.
- O papel do gestor e curador da informação nos novos comportamentos informacionaisPublication . Aleixo, Marina Romano; Fernandes, Maria Jose Oliveira; Costa, Gislane; Ribeiro, H. Soraia; Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas (FCSH); Escola de Ciencia da Informacao da UFMGA new profession emerges with the information behaviour trend. The information manager and curator brings a multidisciplinar it and transdisciplinarity as a mediator and coworker in this scenario. The aim of this article is to analyse the information manager and curator´s role and his/her relation with the new informational behaviour. Also, it is discussed his/her way as a mediator and as a coworker and his/her importance to work along with the public policies about digital competencies. A conceptual analysis of the subject of this study is developed through literature review in the fields of Information Science, Information Technology and Sociology. In conclusion, this study brings on the importance of the information manager and curator as a mediator and coworker in the information society.
- Santos Pérez, José Manuel (edición crítica, traducción y notas). Diálogo de las Grandezas de Brasil, atribuido a Ambrósio Fernandes Brandão. Primera edición en español. Madrid: Doce Calles – Centro de Estudios Brasileños, 2019. 364 ppPublication . Cardim, Pedro; Departamento de História (DH); CHAM - Centro de Humanidades; Universidad Compultense Madrid
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