FCSH: IHC - Artigos em revista internacional com arbitragem científica
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- Child Abandonment in 19th Century LisbonPublication . Vieira Paulino, Joana; Instituto de História Contemporânea (IHC); European Association of GeographersIn Portugal, until the late 1860’s, child abandonment was an anonymous, legal, and generalized practice. The Santa Casa da Misericórdia de Lisboa (SCML) was responsible for the guardianship of Lisbon’s abandoned children, the Portuguese capital and largest city. Nevertheless, the character of such a practice led to increasing numbers. A debate then emerged and became more vigorous over the mid-century, culminating in the decree of 1867. This replaced the wheels, a wooden cylinder which rotated to allow anonymous abandonment, with controlled and justified admissions, the generalization of lactation subsidies, and policing around the institutions. Where did foundlings come from and where were they sent when raised by external wet nurses after their abandonment? Was there a spatial pattern? To produce a spatial and visual representation of this distribution and coverage to address the research questions, this analysis relies on the SCML quantitative reports and on SIGMA, a GIS-database designed to depict the evolutions in Portuguese administrative divisions. We conclude that most foundlings came from Lisbon and, in later years, from those Lisbon parishes hosting the popular and working classes, and later preferably distributed to wet nurses living in the countryside, thereby achieving the institution’s goals.
- Spatial Humanities and Contemporary Geographical ApproachesPublication . Alvanides, Seraphim (Serafeim); Paulino, Joana Vieira; Bartzokas-Tsiompras, Alexandros; Instituto de História Contemporânea (IHC); European Association of GeographersThis Special Issue of the European Journal of Geography emerges from the engaging conversations and inspiring work shared at the Spatial Humanities 2024 Conference in Bamberg. It brings together nine original contributions spanning historical geography, urban geography, heritage studies, and geography and education. Through GIS, deep mapping, digital archives, and participatory methods, these studies reveal how spatial thinking and geospatial technologies enrich our understanding of places, histories, and human experiences. Together, they highlight the growing value of spatial humanities in bridging disciplines, telling new stories, and reshaping the ways we explore the world.
- Los nacionalismos en el banquilloPublication . Pérez Trujillano, Rubén; Instituto de História Contemporânea (IHC); Marcial PonsEste artículo analiza el discurso judicial que justificó la represión selectiva de ciertos movimientos regionalistas durante la Segunda República. Basándose en fuentes nuevas, estudia cómo la interpretación del derecho dio cobijo institucional a una versión autoritaria de la ideología nacionalista española. Esto tuvo efectos en el ejercicio de derechos constitucionales por algunos sectores de la ciudadanía, así como en la materialización de la autonomía regional prevista por la Constitución de 1931. El cuerpo judicial obstaculizó ambos aspectos, llegando a conformar un estatus criminológico, el de «separatista», que sufriría una persecución sin precedentes bajo la dictadura de Franco.
- The Portuguese Republic at WarPublication . Ribeiro de Meneses, Filipe; Oliveira, Pedro Aires; Departamento de História (DH); Instituto Português de Relações Internacionais (IPRI); Instituto de História Contemporânea (IHC); Taylor & FrancisDuring Portugal’s troubled and divisive participation in the First World War, successive governments resorted to emergency powers in order to keep order throughout the country, notably in Lisbon. Considering that in 1926 the army took power through a coup d’état, and that this gave way over time to Salazar’s Estado Novo, it is tempting to establish a causal link between these two sets of events. This article suggests, however, that the repeated suspensions of constitutional guarantees, while damaging to the quality of Portuguese democracy and the long-term prospects of the country’s young republican regime, were by no means a recent departure, having already been a feature of politics during the late constitutional monarchy. The article examines these successive interventions, and their context, as well as a number of possible reasons for their occurrence, noting the existence of a paradox: although usually deployed by a vanguard party, the Democrats, in defence of the embattled republican regime, these moments of constitutional exception did not result (despite claims to the contrary) in a ‘Terror’, since those in authority baulked before any consistent and widespread use of political violence or even the imposition of harsh sentences. Neither did the military – transformed or not by the experience of colonial warfare (this is still to be determined) – seek to impose its will on the civilian authorities during the war years and their immediate aftermath. Ultimately, one must consider with great care Portugal’s political culture, notably the failure to secure widespread popular support for the basic rules that must underpin democratic governance.
- Emotional and critical citizensPublication . Piedade, Filipe; Neves, Tiago; Loff, Manuel; Menezes, Isabel; Instituto de História Contemporânea (IHC); Routledge | Taylor & Francis GroupDemocracies expect citizens to engage actively in public life by making decisions about political issues that are frequently ambiguous, with strong moral and emotional implications, and often subject to misinformation and manipulation. Strong critical thinking (CT) appears therefore as a crucial component of a reflective democratic citizenship. This study identifies sociopolitical topics that are relevant to secondary Portuguese students and explores the interplay between emotions and cognition in their moral-political decision-making. Participants in two rounds of focus group discussions were asked to choose one sociopolitical topic and to report their emotions about that topic; in the second round, they discussed an ethical-moral dilemma about the most selected topic. The students’ emotions selection and their verbal explanations revealed that topics related to refugees, animal rights and environmental issues were the most engaging ones. The dilemma about refugees showed that a strong emotional engagement can lead to higher levels of conflict and that emotional ambivalence can have positive effects on CT. We conclude that pedagogical activities to educate critical citizens should explore social, humanitarian, and environmental issues, encouraging the expression of emotional ambivalence as a precursor to cognitive-moral conflict that is important to a truly engaging and reflective democratic citizenship education.
- Populists and the PastPublication . Gonçalves, Gil; Instituto de História Contemporânea (IHC)This paper suggests that the concept of populism can contribute to a renewal of historiographical debates. Often considered too imprecise to offer any analytical value, many historians discard the term or use it in a simplistic and derogatory manner. This dismissal reveals two faults. First, it exposes the lack of dialogue with theoretical contributions from different fields within the “populism studies”. Second, it overlooks the particular ways in which populism engages with history. Summoning two works that seek to give populism a history (Finchelstein, 2017 and Rosanvallon, 2020), this paper argues that the term is not lacking a “manifesto” or a concise definition. The “anexactness”(Panniza, 2005) that makes it adaptable to a plurality of contexts allows for a disturbance of set interpretations and concepts, such as “democracy”, “nation”, or “people”. Populist theory exposes the contingency of history’s normative foundations, while it revitalizes some important discussions within the field.
- Notes on the traditional uses of Pterospartum tridentatum (L.) Willk. in PortugalPublication . Almeida, Renata; de Carvalho, Luís Mendonça; Fernandes, Francisca Maria; Silva, Olga; Instituto de História Contemporânea (IHC); Ilia State University, Institute of Botany, Department of EthnobotanyIn Portugal, the flowers, stems and roots of Pterospartum tridentatatum (L.) Willk [= Genista tridentata L.], a species native to the Iberian Peninsula and northwest Africa, have been used in traditional medicine as antioxidant, anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory. Other historical and contemporary uses include culinary, to add a rustic touch to meat and rice, fuel and firelighter. In the city of Porto, its use as firelighter gave rise to a commercial activity, between the late 19th and mid-20th centuries, in which women played a central role.
- Wooden locks and keys from Corvo Island (Azores, Portugal)Publication . Carvalho, Luís Mendonça de; Fernandes, Francisca Maria; Nozes, Paula; Figueira, Ana Paula; Nunes, Maria de Fátima; Instituto de História Contemporânea (IHC); Ilia State University, Institute of Botany, Department of EthnobotanyThe Azores Island of Corvo (Portugal) is home to a centuries-old woodworking tradition that has stood the test of time and passed down through generations. Central to this craft is cedro-do-mato [Juniperus brevifolia (Seub.) Antoine], an endemic species of juniper found in the Azores. Artisans on Corvo have honed their skills in working with this and other local woods to create a variety of functional wooden locks characterized by intricate carving techniques and a deep understanding of the material, which allows them to produce durable pieces. Cedro-do-mato is particularly significant, as this wood is prized for its durability, workability, and aromatic properties. This traditional craft reflects the resourcefulness of the island's inhabitants and plays a crucial role in preserving cultural heritage and maintaining a connection to the natural environment. The ongoing practice of this craft serves as a living testament to the sustainable use of local resources and the enduring cultural traditions of Corvo.
- Observar, tocar, medir y describirPublication . Amaro, Gonçalo de Carvalho; Costa, André Canhoto; Instituto de História Contemporânea (IHC); Museu d'Art Contemporani Vicente Aguilera Cerni de VilafamesEste artículo se basa en una reflexión sobre el origen y la evolución de los museos a lo largo de la Historia. Sostiene que los museos no son necesariamente el resultado de una evolución lineal desde las Cámaras de las Maravillas hasta los Museos Nacionales, sino el resultado de una amplia competencia, tanto entre diferentes entidades políticas como entre diferentes proyectos epistemológicos. Por un lado, la evolución de la ciencia y el desarrollo de la teología cristiana se combinaron en una fascinación por la acumulación y descripción de objetos. Por otro lado, la propia transformación de la Historia y la Arqueología, como disciplinas dirigidas por la cultura material, alimentó una concepción científica del Museo. De este modo, el artículo identifica una línea fundamental en el surgimiento del Museo: la protección de los objetos/reliquias, no sólo como memoria del pasado, sino como puente entre el pasado y el futuro, donde lo nuevo, lo desconocido, otras culturas y las nuevas creaciones artísticas ampliaron constantemente el universo conceptual de las Humanidades.
- The Writer’s CraftPublication . Scaraggi, Elisa; Instituto de História Contemporânea (IHC); American Portuguese Studies Association (APSA)In this article, I use José Luandino Vieira’s Papéis da prisão (2015), a collection of the notebooks that Vieira kept during his incarceration under the Portuguese colonial regime, to read some of the writer’s fictional narratives. Bringing textual examples from Papéis and literary works, I show how the book discloses references to real people and facts hidden in Vieira’s stories, while also constituting a metatextual reflection on them. As it follows the evolution of Vieira’s language, style, and themes from behind the scenes, Papéis emerges as an essential part of the writer’s craft, allowing us to cast a renewed look upon Vieira’s whole literary project. Finally, Papéis reveals the extent to which Vieira’s literature was influenced by the author’s prison experience, an aspect still underexplored to this day.