Revista de História da Arte (2025) N.º 19
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- From the empirical making of Alentejo vaults to the generative geometry of the Arco da Rua Augusta vaultPublication . Mateus, LuisIn this paper, we propose a methodology for documentation and geometrical analysis of vaults that relies on laser scanning, geometric analysis, three-dimensional modelling, and 3D printing. The methodology was applied to the study of three types of vaults, two of them in brick and the other, the main vault of the Arco da Rua Augusta, in stone stereotomy. Starting from a planimetric layout a geometric analysis is carried out to infer the generative geometries. This is done by exploring the point cloud data and other related outputs, like drawings or meshes. A return to three-dimensionality was achieved through digital modelling and 3D printing. Returning to physicality allows a different type of interaction where some aspects of constructive systems, like assembly hypothesis, can be tested. The proposed methodology paves the way to recognize heritage significance from direct documentation which is fundamental to support conservation studies.
- The incorporation of vaults in the traditional housing of the inner AlentejoPublication . Ana Costa, RosadoAlmost unparalleled inside Portugal and akin only to neighbouring Spanish Extremadura, the incorporation of vertical brick vaults and timbrel vaults is a distinguishing feature of even the most common housing types in inner Alentejo. Research based on in loco architectonic and photographic surveys in four inner Alentejo cities combined with analysis of archive documentation from the 20th and 16th-18th centuries has produced data on the usage and types of vaults, including identification of the various types and geometries employed. This research proposes a chronology of vault construction in housing, indicating a likely beginning in the 17th century and its proliferation during the 18th century. Besides presenting the results, this paper examines various hypotheses to explain the transfer of an erudite technique into traditional housing by contextualising the historic and constructive moment of the Early Modern Age in Alentejo, with urban transformation due to warfare and consequent fortification.
- Architectural books and treatises: on the theory of vaultsPublication . Conceição, Margarida Tavares da; Batista Pacheco, Mafalda; Seixas, Raquel; Departamento de História da Arte (DHA); Instituto de História da Arte (IHA); CHAM - Centro de Humanidades; Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas, Instituto de História da ArteOur search for codified knowledge about vaulted construction systems obviously started with classical texts on architecture. We wish here to explore the possibility of finding a theory about vaults that is capable of better organising a textual corpus on the subject. The fragmentary notes on vaults in Vitruvius’ text are discussed as the foundational source for the book on construction and architecture. That being so, the contribution of Alberti’s De re aedificatoria is detailed as being the truly fundamental text on this subject, as it is in fact the first structured discourse on vaults. Other steps in our search included the connections discovered between different works from the 16th to 18th centuries, including Portuguese manuscripts, and the final stage took us to the world of the Encyclopaedia, where reasoning and mathematical methods meet architectural and engineering theory and practice to offer a robust technical-scientific approach within the specialised literature.