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- Can reward uncertainty encourage social referrals?Publication . Li, Andy Tao; Belo, Rodrigo; Li, Ting; NOVA School of Business and Economics (NOVA SBE); INFORMS Institute for Operations Research and the Management SciencesSocial referral programs, in which individuals recommend products or services within their networks in return for rewards, have been widely adopted across digital platforms. This study explores the impact of incorporating uncertainty into the rewards of such programs, focusing on how senders and recipients perceive and react to uncertain rewards. We run a randomized experiment involving more than 160,000 users of a telecommunications operator in China and examine the effectiveness of different referral reward schemes. We find that referral programs are most successful when senders are incentivized with uncertain rewards and recipients are guaranteed certain rewards. Specifically, introducing uncertainty in the sender’s reward leads to a 20.9% increase in total referrals with recipients of these invitations more likely to engage in subsequent referrals and profitable in-app activities. In contrast, uncertainty in the recipient’s reward results in a 12.3% decrease in total referrals with invited recipients showing a lower propensity to make further referrals and reduced postreferral engagement. Additional online experiments identify distinct mechanisms driving these asymmetric effects: For senders, the uncertainty alleviates feelings of guilt, enhancing referral sharing and, thus, increasing the total number of referrals. For recipients, the adverse effects of uncertainty stem primarily from diminished perceptions of fairness and social pressure, and these deter engagement in the referral process. Our study sheds light on the complex dynamics of reward uncertainty in referral programs, offering novel insights into how it can be optimized to foster more engaged referral networks.
- Bricolage as enacted sensemaking in emergent response groupsPublication . Coelho Da Silva, Ricardo; Zejnilovic, Leid; Berti, Marco; Cunha, Miguel Pina E; Oliveira, Pedro; NOVA School of Business and Economics (NOVA SBE); Academy of ManagementWhen crises strike, new forms of emergent organizing often arise to address urgent societal needs that formal institutions struggle to meet. Among these, emergent response groups (ERGs)—self-organized communities that form to respond to unexpected and extreme events—offer a particularly salient example of decentralized and nonhierarchical organizing. This multicase study investigates eight ERGs that formed during the COVID-19 pandemic to design and distribute critical medical supplies. Drawing on sensemaking theory, we show how bricolage—making do with at-hand resources—supports coordination and community structuring by reducing equivocality caused by distributed actors. Our findings describe how these ERGs grew rapidly by using bricolage to reduce action, goal, and resource equivocality, enabling coordinated and scalable crisis response efforts. We contribute to research on emergent organizing in crisis contexts by revealing how bricolage fosters coherence and rapid scaling in the absence of formal hierarchies. Our study also challenges the dominant assumption that bricolage is inherently limiting to organizational growth, showing that—in the context of self-organizing collectives—it offers a novel solution to the problem of coordinating action among distributed agents.
- Uma comparação do poder preditivo de diferentes variáveis para períodos de recessão da economia brasileiraPublication . Cavalcante, Vitor Fernandes; Vieira, Heleno Piazentini; NOVA School of Business and Economics (NOVA SBE)Este trabalho busca comparar o poder preditivo de diferentes variáveis nas recessões datadas para a economia brasileira no período de 1997 a 2017. O modelo econométrico utilizado é um probit simples que fornece a probabilidade de a economia brasileira entrar em recessão de um a oito trimestres à frente. Com isso, é possível construir o pseudo R2, o qual permite comparar a performance de diferentes variáveis para cada horizonte de previsão. Dentre os resultados encontrados, destacam-se, para previsões de curto prazo, a utilização de variáveis que captam a situação fiscal do país, o índice de preços internacional das commodities e variáveis financeiras, como o retorno do índice Ibovespa e o risco-país. Entretanto, o trabalho identifica um gap na literatura referente a variáveis que possam prever recessões para horizontes de tempo mais distantes.
- CallistoPublication . Arrieta, Jose Pablo; Crivellini Eger, Bianca; NOVA School of Business and Economics (NOVA SBE); SpringerOpenIn Greek mythology, Callisto was a nymph who survived being raped by Zeus only to be tortured and ultimately murdered by Zeus’s partner for her unchastity. Thousands of years later, Callisto’s story continues to reflect a persistent issue in society. Survivors of sexual assault still face punishment, not by vengeful gods, but by a justice system that silences, retraumatizes, and fails them. This failure is systemic: Over 75% of sexual assault survivors choose not to report their experiences due to institutional hostility, legal risk, and the absence of safe channels for action, leaving the bulk of sex crimes unaddressed. To change this, a solution must reduce the burden on survivors and rethink their path to justice. We examine how the nonprofit organization Callisto does just that by enabling a novel form of coordination: concealed flash organizing. Using a trauma-informed approach, Callisto allows survivors to store encrypted accounts of their assaults and fosters collective action. In doing so, Callisto replaces risky public disclosure with conditional, concealed coordination. This empowers survivors while minimizing harm and enables the formation of organizations that are too risky to emerge publicly but have the potential to improve the world. We argue that this approach not only redefines the conditions for organizing under threat but also offers a new pathway to justice in contexts where traditional systems have failed.
- In artificial intelligence (AI) we (dis)trust?Publication . Giannitsas, Dimitris; Sun, Ruonan; Baptista, João; NOVA School of Business and Economics (NOVA SBE); ElsevierAI introduces competing demands in organizations, creating pressures to balance efficiency and standardization with contextual responsiveness and ethical judgment. Tensions between these competing demands become particularly salient when some areas of organizations push for automation while others for augmentation, as two distinct paradigms of AI implementation. Drawing on a nested case study of a European airline, we follow three AI implementations to explore how higher order properties of the institutional environment shape how actors configure trust and distrust in AI systems in response to two coexisting institutional logics: instrumental–analytic and contextual–normative. We show how these two logics stimulate different trust–distrust configurations, which in turn guide how AI is implemented and adopted within organizations. We identify two reconciliation practices that help organizational actors manage inherent tensions between these competing institutional pressures: mindful evaluation and proactive safeguarding. The research reveals how AI implementation and adoption reflect conflicts between dominant institutional logics and contributes with a novel perspective on the role of institutional logics and trust in projects of AI implementation.
- School and class segregation in PortugalPublication . Firmino, João; Catela Nunes, Luís; de Almeida, Sílvia; Batista, Susana; NOVA School of Business and Economics (NOVA SBE); Centro Interdisciplinar de Ciências Sociais (CICS.NOVA - NOVA FCSH); Routledge | Taylor & Francis GroupWe examine segregation of low-achieving, immigrant, and low-socioeconomic status students (grades 1–12), across 5,000 Portuguese public schools in all 278 mainland municipalities, over a decade (2006/07-2016/17). The density-corrected dissimilarity index is used to assess school-segregation within municipalities and class-segregation within schools, the latter a segregation dimension under-explored in the literature. School-segregation was mild and stable but higher in primary education, reflecting small school-catchment-areas and residential patterns. Class-segregation was similarly mild and stable, though more pronounced in upper-secondary education–especially for low-achievers–likely due to academic tracking. The study highlights how school choice and tracking shape segregation patterns.
- Monetary policy, inflation, and crisesPublication . Jiménez, Gabriel; Kuvshinov, Dmitry; Peydró, José Luis; Richter, Björn; NOVA School of Business and Economics (NOVA SBE); WileyWe show that a U-shaped monetary rate path increases banking crisis risk, via credit and asset price cycles, analyzing 17 countries over 150 years. Rate hikes (raw or instrumented) increase crisis risk, but only if preceded by prolonged cuts. These patterns are unique to banking crises, unlike noncrisis recessions. Regarding the mechanism, prolonged cuts raise the likelihood of large credit and asset price booms, consistent with higher credit supply and risk-taking. Subsequent hikes strongly reduce credit and asset prices, and increase banks' realized credit risk, rather than interest rate risk. We find consistent results in administrative loan-level data for Spain.
- Paradox enactmentPublication . Berti, Marco; Clegg, Stewart; Cunha, Miguel Pina e.; Gaim, Medhanie; Giustiniano, Luca; Rego, Arménio; NOVA School of Business and Economics (NOVA SBE); SAGE PublicationsParadox theory increasingly acknowledges power, yet we still lack a clear account of how power dynamics shape the lived experience and constitution of organizational paradox. Addressing the question ‘what is the role of power in shaping organizational paradoxes?’ we develop a power-performative model grounded in Clegg’s circuits of power to show how tensions become enacted, legitimized or suppressed through interactions, institutions and material infrastructures. The article contributes to paradox theory by (1) articulating an ontology of paradox as performed through situated, multilevel power relations; (2) theorizing how power dynamics influence when and how tensions are surfaced, framed or rendered invisible; and (3) advancing a critical, reflexive agenda that asks whose contradictions are recognized, whose are silenced and with what organizational effects.
- Responsible innovation in the wildPublication . Applebee, Samuel; Zejnilovic, Leid; NOVA School of Business and Economics (NOVA SBE); Blackwell Publishing LtdAcademic Summary: With the power and pervasiveness of innovative digital products outpacing regulation for managing the consequences, the development of effective governance mechanisms for innovation is increasingly recognized as a societal imperative. In this article, we develop a process model for the emergence of responsible innovation “in the wild,” focusing on the development of responsible innovation management and new product development practices among organizations collaborating in heterogeneous networks. In contrast to studies of the adoption of responsible innovation in single-sector and structured network settings, we draw on case studies of multi-sector, informally structured networks developing digital products for civil war contexts. Our findings offer a novel “emergent” perspective on the development of responsible innovation practices, complementing the “prescriptive” account which is dominant in the literature. We theorize a process whereby influential organizations imprint their internal modes of managing institutional complexity on the network, resulting in distinct network-level configurations of emergent responsible innovation practice, which we term “selective” or “collective” responsibility. Through this, we expand the options available to managers and policymakers seeking to encourage responsible innovation in heterogeneous network settings. Managerial Summary: With technology innovation outpacing the development of effective methods for governing the consequences, businesses and policymakers face significant risks of unintended harm to individuals and society. In this article, we explore how responsible innovation practices, which guard against harm, can emerge among diverse networks of collaborating organizations. Through studying the development of digital products for humanitarian use (including in civil war zones), we reveal two organizing approaches which enable responsible practice within diverse networks: “collective responsibility” and “selective responsibility”. The collective approach relies on the inclusive engagement and consensus of network members to build shared understandings of responsibility and agree shared practices, whereas the selective approach compartmentalizes responsibility to (sub-groups of) members according to their knowledge and expertise. In both cases, the approach mirrors how influential organizations in the networks manage internal conflicts between the competing objectives of commercial performance and social responsibility. We highlight the importance of managers carefully considering who is included in the innovation process, as well as how and when, while recognizing the potential of influential organizations to unconsciously shape innovation practices. For policymakers, our research points to the importance of cultivating diverse innovation networks that include organizations with experience managing dual social and economic objectives.
- Task co-use and product improvementPublication . Glauber, Johanna; Kretschmer, Tobias; NOVA School of Business and Economics (NOVA SBE); John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Research Summary: Co-using tasks—using the same task to produce more than one product—promises economies of scope. However, task co-use also ties products together, changing a firm's task network by introducing cross-product interdependencies. In light of these interdependencies, we identify an unrecognized downside of task co-use for product reliability: Cross-product interdependencies complicate task design and increase the risk of malfunctions. Hence, task co-use may carry a reliability penalty. Second, we propose that the reliability penalty of task co-use may shrink with experience as cross-product interdependencies allow for cross-improvements and therefore potentially higher improvement rates of task co-using products. We study the US automotive industry and find our predictions supported, indicating that task co-use is a critical design parameter with important consequences for reliability and product improvement. Managerial Summary: Using the same tasks to produce multiple products can help firms lower costs and achieve economies of scope. However, this practice also links products more tightly together, creating interdependencies across product lines. These interdependencies can make tasks harder to design and manage, increasing the likelihood of errors or malfunctions. As a result, task co-use may reduce product reliability—an important but often overlooked drawback. At the same time, co-used tasks can enable portfolio-wide improvements— improvements across products. As firms gain experience, problems identified in one product can lead to improvements that benefit others using the same tasks. Over time, these cross-improvements accelerate product improvement for task co-using products and can reduce the initial reliability disadvantage. Evidence from the U.S. automotive industry supports these arguments. The findings show that task co-use is a key design decision that involves meaningful trade-offs between cost savings, reliability, and improvement. For managers, this highlights the importance of carefully evaluating when and how tasks should be co-used across products, as these choices have lasting implications for product quality and improvement.