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Justiça e poder na América portuguesa: ouvidores e administração da justiça na comarca da Paraíba (1687-1799)
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Filiando-se à recente historiografia político-institucional, este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar como se administrava a justiça numa comarca secundária como a da Paraíba, entre cerca de 1687, quando é criada até cerca de 1799, quando a Paraíba é desanexada à capitania de Pernambuco, após um período de quatro e quatro anos de subordinação. A distância, em suas várias ocorrências (geográfica, material, processual, social) é considerada neste trabalho como um fator problematizador para se pensar a aplicação da justiça régia em espaços ultramarinos como a América Portuguesa.
Tomando como objeto de estudo os ouvidores da comarca da Paraíba, objetiva-se perceber a criação do aparelho judicial nessa comarca, através da composição do quadro humano dos seus oficiais e da territorialização do poder dos ouvidores nesse espaço. Também se procura compreender a formação do espaço jurisdicional, conjugada com a natureza política do território da comarca, e como esta configuração teve impactos e desdobramentos na administração da justiça através de conflitos jurisdicionais e do deslocamento dos ouvidores pelo território.
Conjuga-se a isto a elaboração do perfil prosopográfico dos ouvidores da Paraíba e de Pernambuco, através de dados sobre suas origens familiar, geográfica e social, das carreiras e das mercês de nobilitação recebidas, a fim de averiguar a hierarquia dos espaços judiciais na América Portuguesa e como o serviço nesses lugares de letras (ouvidorias da paraíba e de Pernambuco) teve impacto nas carreiras dos magistrados.
Por fim, este trabalho dedica-se, também, a compor uma visão holística da justiça ao procurar mostrar interfaces de interação do direito erudito com outras formas de resolução dos conflitos, como a infrajustiça. O principal corpus documental utilizado compõe-se, predominantemente, dos registos de Chancelaria, Registro Geral de Mercês e de diversas séries do Desembargo do Paço, no Arquivo Nacional da Torre do Tombo, e dos documentos avulsos e códices do Arquivo Histórico Ultramarino.
Following the recent political-institutional historiography, this work aims to analyze how justice was administrated in a peripheral region such as district of Paraíba (comarca), from about 1687, when it was created until about 1799, when Paraíba is annexed to the captaincy of Pernambuco, after a period of fourty four years of subordination. The distance, in its various occurrences (geographical, material, procedural, social) is considered in this work as a problematizing factor to think about the application of royal justice in overseas spaces, such as Portuguese America. Taking the ouvidores (royal judges) of comarca of Paraíba as object of study, the objective is to understand the creation of the judicial apparatus in this region, through the composition of the human frame of its officers and the territorialization of the power of the ouvidores in this space. It also seeks to understand the formation of the jurisdictional space, in conjunction with the political nature of the comarca, and how this configuration had impacts and consequences on the administration of justice through jurisdictional conflicts and the displacement of the ouvidores throughout the region. It also sought to draw the profile of the magistrates of Paraíba and Pernambuco, considering their families, geographic and social origins, careers and social distinctions such as the admission on Military Orders, in order to inquire the hierarchy of judicial spaces in Portuguese America and how the service in these places (ouvidoria of Paraíba and Pernambuco) had an impact on the careers of magistrates. Finally, this work try to compose a holistic view of justice, demonstrating interfaces of interaction between official law and other forms of conflict resolution, such as infrajustice. The main documentary corpus consists predominantly from the Chancery and various series of the Desembargo do Paço, in the National Archive of Torre do Tombo, and from the documentos avulsos and codices of the Overseas Historical Archive.
Following the recent political-institutional historiography, this work aims to analyze how justice was administrated in a peripheral region such as district of Paraíba (comarca), from about 1687, when it was created until about 1799, when Paraíba is annexed to the captaincy of Pernambuco, after a period of fourty four years of subordination. The distance, in its various occurrences (geographical, material, procedural, social) is considered in this work as a problematizing factor to think about the application of royal justice in overseas spaces, such as Portuguese America. Taking the ouvidores (royal judges) of comarca of Paraíba as object of study, the objective is to understand the creation of the judicial apparatus in this region, through the composition of the human frame of its officers and the territorialization of the power of the ouvidores in this space. It also seeks to understand the formation of the jurisdictional space, in conjunction with the political nature of the comarca, and how this configuration had impacts and consequences on the administration of justice through jurisdictional conflicts and the displacement of the ouvidores throughout the region. It also sought to draw the profile of the magistrates of Paraíba and Pernambuco, considering their families, geographic and social origins, careers and social distinctions such as the admission on Military Orders, in order to inquire the hierarchy of judicial spaces in Portuguese America and how the service in these places (ouvidoria of Paraíba and Pernambuco) had an impact on the careers of magistrates. Finally, this work try to compose a holistic view of justice, demonstrating interfaces of interaction between official law and other forms of conflict resolution, such as infrajustice. The main documentary corpus consists predominantly from the Chancery and various series of the Desembargo do Paço, in the National Archive of Torre do Tombo, and from the documentos avulsos and codices of the Overseas Historical Archive.
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Palavras-chave
Ouvidores Administração da justiça Infrajustiça Capitania da Paraíba Royal judges Administration of justice Infrajustice Paraíba’s Captaincy