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Lombalgia nos adolescentes: identificação de factores de risco psicossociais: estudo epidemiológico na Região da Grande Lisboa
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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
RESUMO - Objectivos: determinar a influência de factores de risco
psicossociais na ocorrência de lombalgia durante o ano
lectivo de 2002-2003 em adolescentes com idades compreendidas
entre os 11 e os 15 anos moradores na Região
da Grande Lisboa.
Desenho do estudo: transversal e retrospectivo (tipo
survey), baseado num questionário de auto-resposta e
numa escala de validados.
Métodos: amostra constituída por 208 adolescentes (103
rapazes e 105 raparigas) com idades entre os 11 e os 15
anos (média de 12,8 ± 1,44) e com distribuição homogénea
nas principais variáveis. O questionário incluiu dados pessoais,
factores psicossociais (tabagismo, participação desportiva,
hábitos sedentários), escala visual análoga da dor,
e foi, em conjunto com a escala de autoconceito de Piers-
Harris, distribuído e recolhido pelos autores em escolas e
clubes da Região de Lisboa.
Resultados: a prevalência da lombalgia foi de 39,4%.
Encontrámos relação entre a prevalência de lombalgia e a
ausência de actividade física (p = 0,001), o tempo gasto em
jogos electrónicos (p < 0,001), os indivíduos que não realizavam
as deslocações casa-escola-casa a pé (p < 0,001) e o
(baixo) nível de autoconceito (p < 0,001). A relação entre as
variáveis — anos de prática desportiva e os níveis competitivos
e outras actividades sedentárias (dormir, ver televisão)
— e a ocorrência de lombalgia parece estar sobretudo
relacionada com outro factor (autoconceito). A relação
entre o tabagismo e a dor lombar não pode ser estabelecida
de forma concludente. O ponto de prevalência presente foi
de 16,3% e a prevalência cumulativa de 48,1%. Na maioria
dos casos (72%), a lombalgia foi «uma situação benigna»
resolvida espontaneamente em dois dias, mas pelo menos
um em cada quatro jovens «sofredores» recorreu ao apoio
externo (por exemplo tratamento médico, fisioterapia).
13% tornaram-se «sofredores» de lombalgia com agravamento
do quadro inicial.
Conclusões: a lombalgia nos jovens é um fenómeno comum
que deve ser entendido como «uma experiência normal de
vida». Existe uma associação entre a lombalgia e a ausência
de prática desportiva, a ausência de deslocações casa-
-escola-casa a pé, o tempo gasto em jogos electrónicos e o
baixo nível de autoconceito. Os factores psicológicos, como
o autoconceito, são importantes variáveis a ter em conta
nos estudos de identificação de factores psicossociais associados
à lombalgia.
ABSTRACT - Objectives: to determinate the prevalence of self-reported (present and one-year recollection) low back pain (LBP) and its occurrence patterns, and to determine whether psychosocial factors have been associated with LBP, in adolescents (between 11 and 15 years), inhabitants in Greater Lisbon area. Study design: cross-sectional study based on a validated questionnaire and scale. Methods: convenience sample constituted by 208 young — 103 boys and 105 girls — with ages between 11 and 15 (average 12.8 ± 1.44) and with a homogeneous distribution in main variables. The questionnaire included, apart from personal data, questions concerning psychosocial factors (smoking, physical activity and sedentary habits in leisure time), and visual analogue pain scale. The self-concept scale (Piers- Harris children’s self-concept scale) has been utilized to get a global self-concept score. Both were distributed and collected in schools and clubs. Results: the prevalence of LBP was 39.4%. There was a significantly more LBP in subjects who reported not doing regular physical activity (p = 0.001) and in adolescents who do not walk to school (p < 0.001). Furthermore, there was a statistically significant positive association between LBP and time spent playing video games (p < 0.001) and low self-concept level (p < 0.001). The relation between variables — competitive sports and others sedentary activities (time spent watching TV and sleeping) — and LBP is related to the self-concept intervening factor. Finally, the relation between LBP and smoking is not conclusive. The «present point of prevalence» was 16.3% and the cumulative prevalence was 48.1%. In most cases (72%) the back pain was a «benign situation», resolving spontaneously within two days, but at least one sufferer in four looked for external support (e. g., medical treatment, physical therapy). Thirteen percent became back pain «suffers» with worsening of the initial picture. Conclusions: low back pain in adolescence is a common event and it should be understood as a «normal experience of life». There is an association between LBP and low exercise, subjects who do not walk to school, time spent playing games, and low self-concept level. The psychological factors, like selfconcept, must be present and controlled in any study about the psychosocial risk factors for low back pain.
ABSTRACT - Objectives: to determinate the prevalence of self-reported (present and one-year recollection) low back pain (LBP) and its occurrence patterns, and to determine whether psychosocial factors have been associated with LBP, in adolescents (between 11 and 15 years), inhabitants in Greater Lisbon area. Study design: cross-sectional study based on a validated questionnaire and scale. Methods: convenience sample constituted by 208 young — 103 boys and 105 girls — with ages between 11 and 15 (average 12.8 ± 1.44) and with a homogeneous distribution in main variables. The questionnaire included, apart from personal data, questions concerning psychosocial factors (smoking, physical activity and sedentary habits in leisure time), and visual analogue pain scale. The self-concept scale (Piers- Harris children’s self-concept scale) has been utilized to get a global self-concept score. Both were distributed and collected in schools and clubs. Results: the prevalence of LBP was 39.4%. There was a significantly more LBP in subjects who reported not doing regular physical activity (p = 0.001) and in adolescents who do not walk to school (p < 0.001). Furthermore, there was a statistically significant positive association between LBP and time spent playing video games (p < 0.001) and low self-concept level (p < 0.001). The relation between variables — competitive sports and others sedentary activities (time spent watching TV and sleeping) — and LBP is related to the self-concept intervening factor. Finally, the relation between LBP and smoking is not conclusive. The «present point of prevalence» was 16.3% and the cumulative prevalence was 48.1%. In most cases (72%) the back pain was a «benign situation», resolving spontaneously within two days, but at least one sufferer in four looked for external support (e. g., medical treatment, physical therapy). Thirteen percent became back pain «suffers» with worsening of the initial picture. Conclusions: low back pain in adolescence is a common event and it should be understood as a «normal experience of life». There is an association between LBP and low exercise, subjects who do not walk to school, time spent playing games, and low self-concept level. The psychological factors, like selfconcept, must be present and controlled in any study about the psychosocial risk factors for low back pain.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
saúde dos adolescentes lombalgias factores de risco psicossociologia da saúde adolescent health back pain risk factors health psycho-sociology
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Coelho, Luís; Almeida, Vanessa Oliveira, Raúl - Lombalgia nos adolescentes : identificação de factores de risco psicossociais : estudo epidemiológico na Região da Grande Lisboa. Revista Portuguesa de Saúde Pública. ISSN 0870-9025. Vol. 23, Nº. 1 (Janeiro/Junho 2005), p. 81-90
Editora
Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública