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Noble et Sentimental: Pedro de Freitas Branco e a problemática da interpretação na música de Maurice Ravel
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Pedro de Freitas Branco (1896-1963) foi uma das figuras mais proeminentes da música portuguesa do séc. XX. Ao longo da sua carreira, impulsionou a vida musical portuguesa através da criação de diferentes companhias de ópera, da organização dos Novos Concertos Sinfónicos de Lisboa e como maestro da Orquestra Sinfónica da Emissora Nacional. Um dos seus principais propósitos consistiu em dar a conhecer a música do seu tempo, através da estreia absoluta e da estreia nacional de obras dos mais importantes compositores contemporâneos, contribuindo, dessa forma, para o enriquecimento do repertório orquestral apresentado em Portugal. Paralelamente, desenvolveu uma carreira internacional, dirigindo regularmente diferentes orquestras europeias, sendo considerado um intérprete de referência da música orquestral de Maurice Ravel.
Este trabalho de investigação tem como objetivo compreender as razões que levaram ao reconhecimento das interpretações do maestro português das obras do compositor francês, através do estudo da carreira de Pedro de Freitas Branco, da análise comparativa das suas gravações com a de outros maestros do mesmo período, do estudo da receção através das críticas, comentários, narrativas em monografias e da relação estabelecida com diferentes intérpretes e compositores (em especial com Ravel). Nesse sentido, o presente estudo propõe-se apresentar os elementos que contribuíram para a construção da identidade artística de Pedro de Freitas Branco, a forma como se inscreveu no panorama nacional e internacional, quais as instituições e orquestras com que se relacionou e as reações do público e da crítica ao seu desempenho, documentando a importância que teve na abertura a um novo repertório orquestral contemporâneo, até então desconhecido em Portugal. Propõe-se ainda apresentar o modo como se estabeleceu o diálogo estético entre Maurice Ravel e Pedro de Freitas Branco e de que forma isso se revelou fundamental nas interpretações deste último; as razões que terão levado o compositor francês a conferir prioridade às interpretações do maestro português e, ainda, como se inscreve o maestro português no pensamento e nas opções interpretativas da música de Ravel, a par de outros intérpretes da sua época, definindo, desta forma, as suas características identitárias como intérprete.
Pedro de Freitas Branco (1896-1963) was one of the most important figures in 20th Century Portuguese music. During his career, he boosted Portuguese musical life through the creation of different opera companies, the organization of the New Symphony Concerts of Lisbon, and as director of the National Radio Symphony Orchestra. One of his major efforts was in making known the music of his time, through national and international premières of works by the most important contemporary composers, contributing in this way to the enrichment of the orchestral repertoire in Portugal. At the same time he developed an international career, regularly directing different European orchestras, and becoming known as a key interpreter of Ravel’s orchestral music. This research project seeks to understand the reasons which led to the special recognition of this Portuguese conductor’s interpretations of the French composer, by a study of Pedro de Freitas Branco’s career, by a comparative analysis of his recordings with those of other conductors of the same period, and by a study of his reception through critical reviews, commentaries, and writings in monographs, as well as the relationship established with different players and composers (especially Ravel). For this purpose, the present study proposes to identify the elements which contributed to the construction of Pedro de Freitas Branco’s artistic identity, the way in which he took his place in the national and international panorama of his day, the institutions and orchestras with which he was associated and the reactions of the public and the critics to his efforts, registering the important role he had in the starting of a new contemporary orchestral repertoire, unknown until then in Portugal. It is proposed also to show how the aesthetic dialogue between Ravel and Freitas Branco was established, and how this became a fundamental factor in Freitas Branco’s interpretations; the reasons which led this French composer to give priority to a Portuguese conductor; and, finally, how this Portuguese conductor assumes a role in the thinking and interpretative decisions of Ravel’s music, along with other musicians of the period, thus defining the characteristics of his identity as an interpreter.
Pedro de Freitas Branco (1896-1963) was one of the most important figures in 20th Century Portuguese music. During his career, he boosted Portuguese musical life through the creation of different opera companies, the organization of the New Symphony Concerts of Lisbon, and as director of the National Radio Symphony Orchestra. One of his major efforts was in making known the music of his time, through national and international premières of works by the most important contemporary composers, contributing in this way to the enrichment of the orchestral repertoire in Portugal. At the same time he developed an international career, regularly directing different European orchestras, and becoming known as a key interpreter of Ravel’s orchestral music. This research project seeks to understand the reasons which led to the special recognition of this Portuguese conductor’s interpretations of the French composer, by a study of Pedro de Freitas Branco’s career, by a comparative analysis of his recordings with those of other conductors of the same period, and by a study of his reception through critical reviews, commentaries, and writings in monographs, as well as the relationship established with different players and composers (especially Ravel). For this purpose, the present study proposes to identify the elements which contributed to the construction of Pedro de Freitas Branco’s artistic identity, the way in which he took his place in the national and international panorama of his day, the institutions and orchestras with which he was associated and the reactions of the public and the critics to his efforts, registering the important role he had in the starting of a new contemporary orchestral repertoire, unknown until then in Portugal. It is proposed also to show how the aesthetic dialogue between Ravel and Freitas Branco was established, and how this became a fundamental factor in Freitas Branco’s interpretations; the reasons which led this French composer to give priority to a Portuguese conductor; and, finally, how this Portuguese conductor assumes a role in the thinking and interpretative decisions of Ravel’s music, along with other musicians of the period, thus defining the characteristics of his identity as an interpreter.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Interpretação Ravel Orquestra Pedro de Freitas Branco Interpretation Orchestra