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Entre o amor e a razão: Soberania, Direito Natural e Estado na segunda metade do século XVIII português
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A ideia de soberania foi utilizada pelos pensadores políticos modernos para caracterizar o supremo poder exercido numa comunidade política. Ela simbolizava a necessidade da existência de uma instância última de decisão a qual todos os membros do corpo político estivessem submetidos. Dela emanava uma autoridade legal, livre de qualquer intervenção, que fosse capaz de decretar normas de acordo com a sua vontade. No contexto português, a ideia de soberania também foi fundamental para legitimar e caracterizar o poder soberano. Este trabalho pretende analisar como a ideia de soberania foi utilizada nos Tratados de Direito Natural, nos manuais de Direito Pátrio, nas obras de Filosofia Moral e também nas Coleções de Leis produzidas na segunda metade do século XVIII lusitano, para então formular o que denominamos a “Teoria Moral da Soberania” elaborada pelos pensadores e políticos portugueses neste período. Investigar a noção de soberania pressupõe, por um lado, responder a questões como a gênese, o exercício e os limites do poder. E, por outro lado, implica entender a articulação da ideia com as disputas travadas pelos grupos que formavam a comunidade política da época. A partir desse percurso, entende-se ser possível compreender o valor operatório da noção de soberania na segunda metade do século XVIII português.
The idea of sovereignty was used by modern political scholars to characterise the supreme power exercised in a political community. That symbolised the need for an ultimate decision-making body to which all members of the political body were subjected. From this concept emanated a legal authority, free of any intervention, that was able to enact norms according to its will. In the Portuguese context, the idea of sovereignty was also fundamental to legitimise and characterise sovereign power. This research intends to analyse how the idea of sovereignty was mobilised in the Treaties of Natural Law, in the Manuals of National Law, in the works of Moral Philosophy and also in the Collections of Laws produced in the second half of the XVIII century Lusitanian, to formulate what we call the "Moral Theory of Sovereignty" elaborated by Portuguese scholars and politicians in this period. Investigating the notion of sovereignty presupposes, on the one hand, to answer questions such as the genesis, the exercise and the limits of power. On the other hand, it implies understanding the articulation of the idea with the disputes waged by the groups that formed the political community of the time. From this process, it is understood that it is possible to understand the operative value of the notion of sovereignty in the second half of the XVIII century Portuguese.
The idea of sovereignty was used by modern political scholars to characterise the supreme power exercised in a political community. That symbolised the need for an ultimate decision-making body to which all members of the political body were subjected. From this concept emanated a legal authority, free of any intervention, that was able to enact norms according to its will. In the Portuguese context, the idea of sovereignty was also fundamental to legitimise and characterise sovereign power. This research intends to analyse how the idea of sovereignty was mobilised in the Treaties of Natural Law, in the Manuals of National Law, in the works of Moral Philosophy and also in the Collections of Laws produced in the second half of the XVIII century Lusitanian, to formulate what we call the "Moral Theory of Sovereignty" elaborated by Portuguese scholars and politicians in this period. Investigating the notion of sovereignty presupposes, on the one hand, to answer questions such as the genesis, the exercise and the limits of power. On the other hand, it implies understanding the articulation of the idea with the disputes waged by the groups that formed the political community of the time. From this process, it is understood that it is possible to understand the operative value of the notion of sovereignty in the second half of the XVIII century Portuguese.
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Soberania Estado Moderno Português Direito Natural História das Ideias Políticas Sovereignty Modern Portuguese State Natural Law History of Political Ideas