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Políticas culturais municipais - da história social do campo aos reportórios de ação dos agentes
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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
O tema central desta tese visa ser um contributo para a compreensão do processo de institucionalização das políticas culturais municipais tendo como objetivo analisar de que forma se foi compondo enquanto território dotado de uma notória especialização ao nível dos seus atributos, da sua natureza, dos produtos/serviços trocados, dos instrumentos criados e dos agentes que o integram. Para tal, conceptualizou-se este objeto através do uso da noção basilar de campo de Bourdieu (2008), tal como este autor a define ao apresentar os seus argumentos sobre a diferenciação inscrita na estrutura social que serve de objeto primordial às ciências sociais. Concluiu-se, pelo que foi demonstrado, que este se vai constituindo como um campo composto por produtos que nele emergiram, por lugares específicos e por agentes que, enquanto detentores de posições no seu interior, desenvolvem a sua ação especializada com vista à definição ‘legitima’ do que se constitui como oferta pública de cultura municipal. Trata-se de um sistema que deve ser entendido enquanto resultado de um «processo singular» construído na confluência de diversas lógicas. Lógicas resultantes, em primeiro, dos efeitos das ‘imposições’ decorrentes das políticas culturais nacionais assumidas e operacionalizadas pelos governos centrais e, em segundo, dos produtos das relações estabelecidas entre agentes no interior do campo estruturadas consoante as condições sociais de produção que assistem as diferentes configurações municipais. Considerando isso, e de forma a traçar a singularidade, os estados e as idiossincrasias deste campo, procurou-se num primeiro momento, o que se poderia constituir como uma matriz de natureza politico-burocrática orientadora da descentralização cultural, já que essa vontade política surge transversalmente, como condição básica, e fulcral, na maioria dos programas dos governos, com especial relevância uma década após a instauração da democracia. O ‘modelo orientador’ assenta na relação entre três processos complementares e sinergéticos: democratizar, desconcentrar e descentralizar. Na emergência social do campo, surge como fundamental, a dinâmica sociopolítica que permitiu situar a construção da área prioritária de ação municipal na cultura. Essa dinâmica resultou simultaneamente duma justificação progressiva da necessidade do serviço municipal de cultura e de uma circunscrição da jurisdição da ação dos indivíduos e das competências que lhes passaram a estar atribuídas e/ou foram por eles conquistadas. A trajetória profissional destes agentes remete para os vários estados que acompanharam o processo de institucionalização, ainda inacabado, do campo das políticas culturais. Remete, igualmente, para a necessidade de se compreenderem as especificidades das configurações dos vários enquadramentos municipais e para o lugar que a cultura ocupa nessa matriz.
The central theme of the present dissertation aims at contributing to the understanding of the institutionalization of municipal cultural policies, through analysing the way it has been developing as a territory with a strong specialization on the level of its attributes, nature, exchanged products and services, tools and agents. To that end, the object has been conceptualized around Bourdieu’s core notion of field (2008), defined when the author presents his arguments on the differentiation embedded in the social structure as an essential object of social sciences. It has been demonstrated that the field is formed by the products that have emerged at its core and by specific places and agents with inside positions, who have developed a focused action envisaging the ‘legitimate’ definition of what constitutes a public offer for municipal culture. It is a system that must be understood as a result of a 'singular process', built at the confluence of various logics which are a consequence of the 'imposition' effect from national cultural policies undertaken and operationalized by central governments, and of the products and relations established between agents within the field, structured around the social conditions of production in different municipalities. Considering this, and in order to trace the singularity, conditions and idiosyncrasies of this field, a matrix of political-bureaucratic nature guiding the cultural decentralization was sought after, since that political will appears as a central condition in most government programs, with special relevance one decade after the establishment of democracy. The 'guiding model' is based on the relation established between three complementary and synergetic processes: democratize, deconcentrate and decentralize. The social political dynamics that enable to place culture as the municipal priority area is fundamental within the field’s social emergence. These dynamics are a result of a progressive need to justify the cultural municipal service, and a circumscription of the individuals’ jurisdiction action and competences that have been ascribed to and/or conquered by them. The professional trajectory of these agents refers to the various states that have accompanied the unfinished institutionalization process of the cultural policies field. It also refers to the need of understanding the configuration specificities of the various municipal frameworks and the place that culture occupies in that matrix.
The central theme of the present dissertation aims at contributing to the understanding of the institutionalization of municipal cultural policies, through analysing the way it has been developing as a territory with a strong specialization on the level of its attributes, nature, exchanged products and services, tools and agents. To that end, the object has been conceptualized around Bourdieu’s core notion of field (2008), defined when the author presents his arguments on the differentiation embedded in the social structure as an essential object of social sciences. It has been demonstrated that the field is formed by the products that have emerged at its core and by specific places and agents with inside positions, who have developed a focused action envisaging the ‘legitimate’ definition of what constitutes a public offer for municipal culture. It is a system that must be understood as a result of a 'singular process', built at the confluence of various logics which are a consequence of the 'imposition' effect from national cultural policies undertaken and operationalized by central governments, and of the products and relations established between agents within the field, structured around the social conditions of production in different municipalities. Considering this, and in order to trace the singularity, conditions and idiosyncrasies of this field, a matrix of political-bureaucratic nature guiding the cultural decentralization was sought after, since that political will appears as a central condition in most government programs, with special relevance one decade after the establishment of democracy. The 'guiding model' is based on the relation established between three complementary and synergetic processes: democratize, deconcentrate and decentralize. The social political dynamics that enable to place culture as the municipal priority area is fundamental within the field’s social emergence. These dynamics are a result of a progressive need to justify the cultural municipal service, and a circumscription of the individuals’ jurisdiction action and competences that have been ascribed to and/or conquered by them. The professional trajectory of these agents refers to the various states that have accompanied the unfinished institutionalization process of the cultural policies field. It also refers to the need of understanding the configuration specificities of the various municipal frameworks and the place that culture occupies in that matrix.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Descentralização cultural e ação cultural municipal Ação cultural municipal Campo das políticas culturais municipais; Políticas públicas de cultura