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Publicação
Forma e Significação no Projeto Urbano: os Casos de Tróia Cidade-Jardim e da Zona J na Área de Lisboa
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Resumo(s)
Desde a época moderna, as cidades têm vindo a sofrer grandes transformações.
Pela primeira vez, foram projetadas de raiz partes inteiras de cidades para responder às
exigências das grandes massas populacionais que chegavam à cidade à procura de
emprego e melhores condições de vida.
O estudo apresentado nestas páginas concentra-se na conceção de modelos
urbanos ideais, e a consequente exportação para contextos diferentes como medida para
o desenvolvimento e a resolução da desigualdade e da marginalização económica e
social de certa parte da população. Neste sentido, será discutida a dimensão ideológica
que podem assumir a forma e o processo de apropriação efetiva por parte dos utentes.
Os estudos de caso apresentados serão os seguintes: o projeto da cidade de lazer
“Troia, Cidade Jardim” (1970) e o bairro social “Zona J” (1980) na área metropolitana
de Lisboa. O primeiro, “Troia, Cidade Jardim”, foi construído na península de Troia, a
sul de Lisboa; o segundo localiza-se na parte oriental de Lisboa. Apesar de terem
finalidades diferentes (um foi pensado para a classe média e o turismo, o outro é um
bairro de realojamento), ambos apresentam o mesmo projeto formal. Se Troia continua
a representar um destino turístico moderno e de qualidade, a Zona J, por outro lado,
tornou-se o emblema da degradação. O que inicialmente foi pensado como um projeto
de requalificação e integração urbana acaba por se tornar um elemento ulterior de
estigmatização.
Através da comparação de intenções iniciais, o que foi construído e os usos
efetivos dos espaços construídos, tentou-se responder às perguntas que subjazem a este
trabalho: pode a forma urbana incidir sobre o comportamento e os modos de vida das
pessoas? Existem soluções universalmente válidas? Quem toma esta decisão?
Since the modern era, cities have undergone many transformations. For the first time, entire cities’ neighborhoods were designed from scratch to meet the demands of an overgrowing mass of people who came to the city looking for jobs and better living conditions. The study presented in these pages focuses on the design of ideal urban models, and their subsequent export to different contexts, as a measure for the development and the resolution of the economic and social inequality and marginalization of a certain part of the population. In this sense, it’ll be discussed the ideological dimension found behind shape and user’s effective appropriation processes. The case studies presented will be the following: the leisure city project "Troia, garden-city" (1970) and the social housing project "Zona J" (1980). The first one, "Troy, City Garden", was built in the Troia’s peninsula, on South Lisbon. The second one is located in the eastern part of Lisbon. Even though they had different purposes (one was meant to be a middle class and touristic neighborhood, while the other was destined to be a neighborhood for poor people), both have the same formal project design. If Troia continues representing a modern and quality touristic destination, “Zona J”, on the other hand, has become the emblem of the degradation. What was initially meant to be a requalification and urban integration project has eventually become a further element of stigmatization. Through comparison between original intentions, what was actually built and their effective use of spaces, we tried to answer the questions which underlie this work: Can the urban form influence the behavior and way of life of people? Are there universally valid solutions? Who are the individuals who take these decisions?
Since the modern era, cities have undergone many transformations. For the first time, entire cities’ neighborhoods were designed from scratch to meet the demands of an overgrowing mass of people who came to the city looking for jobs and better living conditions. The study presented in these pages focuses on the design of ideal urban models, and their subsequent export to different contexts, as a measure for the development and the resolution of the economic and social inequality and marginalization of a certain part of the population. In this sense, it’ll be discussed the ideological dimension found behind shape and user’s effective appropriation processes. The case studies presented will be the following: the leisure city project "Troia, garden-city" (1970) and the social housing project "Zona J" (1980). The first one, "Troy, City Garden", was built in the Troia’s peninsula, on South Lisbon. The second one is located in the eastern part of Lisbon. Even though they had different purposes (one was meant to be a middle class and touristic neighborhood, while the other was destined to be a neighborhood for poor people), both have the same formal project design. If Troia continues representing a modern and quality touristic destination, “Zona J”, on the other hand, has become the emblem of the degradation. What was initially meant to be a requalification and urban integration project has eventually become a further element of stigmatization. Through comparison between original intentions, what was actually built and their effective use of spaces, we tried to answer the questions which underlie this work: Can the urban form influence the behavior and way of life of people? Are there universally valid solutions? Who are the individuals who take these decisions?
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Projetação Urbana Forma; Tróia Ideologia Direito à Cidade Zona J (Chelas) Ideology Shape