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A technology diffusion perspective of geographical information technology across Mozambican institutions
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Resumo(s)
No último século, o homem testemunhou a revolução tecnológica. Essa revolução está criando
uma nova ordem no mundo, a era em que a informação é um dos ativos preciosos para nações e
governos. Nas próximas décadas, muita coisa vai mudar no campo da tecnologia do que no século
passado. Perigos naturais, inundações, atividades tectônicas, dentro de outros que no passado
levaram muitas nações a caírem hoje podem ser previstos, monitorados e controlados. Entre os
tipos mais extraordinários de tecnologias, as tecnologias de informações geográficas (TIG) estão
ganhando atenção sobre os decisores e os administradores de topo em vários setores. Essas
tecnologias podem ser descritas como todo tipo de sistemas informáticos usados no processamento
de informações georreferenciadas. Ao longo dos anos, esses sistemas foram mantidos à sombra e
ignorados pelas organizações.
Moçambique introduziu estas tecnologias após a independência. Com o passar dos anos, essas
tecnologias amadureceram e expandiram-se pelos setores de atividades. Nos nossos dias, estes
sistemas estão presentes em quase todas as instituições moçambicanas.
O estudo tem por objectivo melhorar a compreensão dos factores determinantes para a adopção de
tecnologias de informação geográfica nas instituições moçambicanas (públicas, privadas, ONGs).
Para poder cobrir com o objetivo principal, três estudos foram desenvolvidos. O capítulo dois foi
caracterizado com uma revisão de literatura sobre tecnologias de informação geográfica que em
seguida foi aplicada a um contexto (contexto moçambicano). No capítulo três, analisamos os
determinantes por detrás das tecnologias de informação geográfica em dois estágios de adoção
(intenção e adoção) aplicados a instituições moçambicanas e um modelo de pesquisa foi
desenvolvido. No terceiro capítulo, propomos um modelo de pesquisa para entender os
determinantes por detrás das tecnologias de informação geográfica na fase de pós-adoção.
A combinação de teorias e estruturas inovadoras que operam no nível da organização fornece uma
base sólida ao estudo. Dois modelos de pesquisa foram desenvolvidos e propostos. O primeiro
modelo de pesquisa é caracterizado por sete variáveis que buscam explicar os impulsionadores da
adoção de tecnologias de informação geográfica nas etapas de intenção e adoção. As variáveis declaradas foram competência tecnológica, segurança, preocupações financeiras, pressão
competitiva, políticas governamentais, pressão dos doadores e intenção de adotar. As variáveis
pressão dos doadores e políticas governamentais desempenharam um papel fundamental na
motivação das organizações para adotar novas tecnologias. No segundo modelo de pesquisa,
declaramos 10 variáveis buscando entender o que leva as organizações a continuar usando e
aumentar o nível de uso das tecnologias de informação geográfica na fase de pós-adoção. As
variáveis foram vantagem relativa, compatibilidade, complexidade, tamanho da organização,
abrangência geográfica, oportunidades de expansão, pressão coercitiva, pressão normativa,
pressão mimética e uso do TIG.
Este trabalho fornece várias contribuições para pesquisa, prática, e avanço no conhecimento, para
especialistas no campo dessas tecnologias, sociedade e instituições. No primeiro artigo, os
resultados mostram que os principais impulsionadores do uso das TIG nas organizações são
compatibilidade, pressão competitiva, complexidade, pressão dos doadores, política do governo,
intenção de adotar, inovação, vantagem relativa, segurança e competência tecnológica, sendo
identificadas como principais compatibilidade e competência tecnológica. No segundo artigo, a
competência tecnológica, a segurança, a pressão competitiva são fatores importantes para explicar
a intenção de adotar as TIG. Preocupações financeiras, políticas governamentais, pressão dos
doadores e intenção de adotar são fatores importantes para explicar a adoção de TIG. A pressão
do doador é o único driver que é estatisticamente significativo tanto na intenção quanto na adoção.
No terceiro artigo, as variáveis compatibilidade, abrangência geográfica, oportunidades de
expansão e pressão normativa contribuem para explicar o uso das TIG. A vantagem relativa, a
complexidade, a pressão coercitiva e a pressão mimética contribuem para explicar a intenção de
aumentar o nível de uso das TIG. O modelo explica 59,2% da variação no uso do TIG e 57,0% da
variação na intenção de aumentar o nível do TIG, revelando poder substancial de explicação para
a pós-adoção do GIT.
Over the last century, the human race has witness the technology revolution. This revolution is creating a new order in world, the era where information is one of the precious assets for nations and governments. In the coming decades, more is going to change in the technology field than the past century. Natural hazards, floods, tectonic activities, within others that in past many nations have fallen, today it can be predicted, monitored and controlled. Among the most extraordinary types of technologies, geographic information technologies (GIT) is gaining attention over decision makers and top managers of many sectors. These technologies can be described as all sort of computer systems used in processing georeferenced information. Over the years these systems were kept in shadow and ignored by organizations. Mozambique introduced these technologies after independence. Over the years these technologies have mature and expand to a wide range of sectors of activities. In our days, these systems are present in all most every Mozambican institution. The overall goal of this study we intend to contribute to a better understanding of the determinants behind the adoption of geographic information technologies in Mozambican institutions (public, private, NGO’s). To be able to cover the main goal, three studies have been developed. We started in chapter two with geographic information technologies literature and narrow to a specific case study (Mozambican context). In chapter three we analyze the determinants behind geographic information technologies at two stages of adoption (intention and adoption) applied for Mozambican institutions and a research model have been developed. In the third chapter, we propose a research model to understand the determinants behind the geographic information technologies at Post-adoption stage. The combination of innovative theories and frameworks that operates at organization level provides a solid foundation of our study. Two research models have been developed and proposed. The first research model is characterized with seven variables seeking to explain the drivers behind the adoption of geographic information technologies at intention and adoption stages. The variables declared were technology competence, security, financial concerns, competitive pressure, government policies, donor pressure, and intention to adopt. The variables donor pressure and government policies played a key role in motivating organizations to adopt new technologies. In the second research model we declared 10 variables seeking to understand what takes organizations to keep using and increase the level of use of geographic information technologies at post-adoption stage. The variables were relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, organization size, geographic scope, expansion opportunities, coercive pressure, normative pressure, mimetic pressure and GIT use. This work provides several contributions for research, practice, advancement of knowledge, for experts in the field of these technologies, society and institutions. In first paper, the results showed that the main drivers of GIT use by organizations are compatibility, competitive pressure, complexity, donor pressure, government policy, intention to adopt, innovation, relative advantage, security, and technology competence, with compatibility and technology competence being the mains ones. In second paper, technology competence, security, competitive pressure, are important drivers to explain the intention to adopt GIT. Financial concerns, government policies, donor pressure, and intention to adopt are important drivers to explain adoption of GIT. The donor pressure is the only driver that is statistically significant in both intention and adoption of GIT. In the third paper, the variables compatibility, geographical scope, expansion opportunities, and normative pressure contribute to explain the GIT use. The relative advantage, complexity, coercive pressure and mimetic pressure contribute to explain the intention to increase the GIT level of use. The model explains 59.2% of variation in GIT use and 57.0% of variation in intention to increase the GIT level, revealing substantial power of explanation for the GIT post-adoption.
Over the last century, the human race has witness the technology revolution. This revolution is creating a new order in world, the era where information is one of the precious assets for nations and governments. In the coming decades, more is going to change in the technology field than the past century. Natural hazards, floods, tectonic activities, within others that in past many nations have fallen, today it can be predicted, monitored and controlled. Among the most extraordinary types of technologies, geographic information technologies (GIT) is gaining attention over decision makers and top managers of many sectors. These technologies can be described as all sort of computer systems used in processing georeferenced information. Over the years these systems were kept in shadow and ignored by organizations. Mozambique introduced these technologies after independence. Over the years these technologies have mature and expand to a wide range of sectors of activities. In our days, these systems are present in all most every Mozambican institution. The overall goal of this study we intend to contribute to a better understanding of the determinants behind the adoption of geographic information technologies in Mozambican institutions (public, private, NGO’s). To be able to cover the main goal, three studies have been developed. We started in chapter two with geographic information technologies literature and narrow to a specific case study (Mozambican context). In chapter three we analyze the determinants behind geographic information technologies at two stages of adoption (intention and adoption) applied for Mozambican institutions and a research model have been developed. In the third chapter, we propose a research model to understand the determinants behind the geographic information technologies at Post-adoption stage. The combination of innovative theories and frameworks that operates at organization level provides a solid foundation of our study. Two research models have been developed and proposed. The first research model is characterized with seven variables seeking to explain the drivers behind the adoption of geographic information technologies at intention and adoption stages. The variables declared were technology competence, security, financial concerns, competitive pressure, government policies, donor pressure, and intention to adopt. The variables donor pressure and government policies played a key role in motivating organizations to adopt new technologies. In the second research model we declared 10 variables seeking to understand what takes organizations to keep using and increase the level of use of geographic information technologies at post-adoption stage. The variables were relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, organization size, geographic scope, expansion opportunities, coercive pressure, normative pressure, mimetic pressure and GIT use. This work provides several contributions for research, practice, advancement of knowledge, for experts in the field of these technologies, society and institutions. In first paper, the results showed that the main drivers of GIT use by organizations are compatibility, competitive pressure, complexity, donor pressure, government policy, intention to adopt, innovation, relative advantage, security, and technology competence, with compatibility and technology competence being the mains ones. In second paper, technology competence, security, competitive pressure, are important drivers to explain the intention to adopt GIT. Financial concerns, government policies, donor pressure, and intention to adopt are important drivers to explain adoption of GIT. The donor pressure is the only driver that is statistically significant in both intention and adoption of GIT. In the third paper, the variables compatibility, geographical scope, expansion opportunities, and normative pressure contribute to explain the GIT use. The relative advantage, complexity, coercive pressure and mimetic pressure contribute to explain the intention to increase the GIT level of use. The model explains 59.2% of variation in GIT use and 57.0% of variation in intention to increase the GIT level, revealing substantial power of explanation for the GIT post-adoption.
Descrição
A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor in Information Management, specialization in Geographic Information Systems
Palavras-chave
GIT intention adoption post-adoption institutions Mozambique TIG intenção adoção pós-adoção instituições