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Enterococcus and biocides: mechanisms of tolerance and selection for vancomycin resistance
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| 2.59 MB | Adobe PDF |
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Biocides are chemical agents, generally with a broad-spectrum of
activity, used to destroy, render harmless, prevent the action of, or
otherwise exert a controlling effect on any harmful organism. Biocidal
products comprise several chemical groups. Among the most commonly
used are alcohols, aldehydes, biguanidines (e.g. chlorhexidine), phenols
(e.g. triclosan) and quaternary ammonium compounds (e.g. benzalkonium
chloride).
Although some of the biocides were discovered many years ago,
their generalised use began only some decades ago. They are used for
cleaning and/or disinfecting in many different environments, such as in
hospital facilities, veterinary facilities, food and pharmaceutical industry
sites and in our homes. Biocides are also incorporated in several products
as preservatives, such as deodorants, body creams and soaps. Some of the environments where biocides are applied are shared with enterococci.(...)
Descrição
Dissertation presented to obtain a Doctoral degree in Biology, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade
Nova de Lisboa.
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Universidade Nova de Lisboa. Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica