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Corpo, identidade e técnica - Etnografando o jeito e o gesto em um ginásio de Lisboa
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Resumo(s)
A proposta desta tese é apresentar uma perspectiva etnográfica interdisciplinar
sobre o corpo e a incorporação, através da etnografia do cotidiano de um health club
em Lisboa.
O método construído para compreender este processo partiu de minha
experiência anterior como personal trainer no health club, e de uma perspectiva
etnográfica interdisciplinar constituída a partir do entrelaçar das teorias da
incorporação na antropologia, das ciências cognitivas e de conceitos da fisiologia do
treinamento físico da educação física.
O objeto de estudo foi situado a partir de uma contextualização histórica dos
ginásios e do surgimento dos métodos ginásticos enquanto técnica corporal e
enquanto tecnologia de si.
A região de inquérito abordou a incorporação dos processos identitários através
das práticas que constituem e expressam o habitus no espaço analisado, entre os
utentes do clube e a equipa de trabalhadores. A análise desta realidade revelou a
importância das interações simbólicas e materiais, sociais e subjetivas, associadas às
categorias analíticas de estilo de vida, género e capital simbólico.
A questão entre agência e estrutura foi considerada a partir de duas atitudes /
linhas de vida / concepções de mundo resumidas no binómio “forçar e fluir” (will
power e flow power) que polarizaram as categorias analíticas, incorporadas em
distintas técnicas ginásticas.
Para ilustrar este percurso investigativo, considerou-se a incorporação do
habitus contextualizado no tempo e no espaço social como um processo identitário,
bem como o ciclo de percepção / ação em microescala do ´jeito e do gesto´ -
compreendendo aqui o movimento respectivamente em sua dimensão comunicativa e
como técnica de si. A estrutura textual da tese foi dividida em três partes:
- Na introdução segue-se a apresentação do tema, do problema e dos objetivos
do estudo, bem como a abordagem metodológica adotada.
- A segunda parte apresenta o estado da arte relativo ao tema dos ginásios
como um espaço / atividade urbana contemporânea de importância para compreender
os processos identitários que lá se desenrolam, bem como as lógicas intrínsecas do
ginásio e o seu contexto de inserção social e histórica nos ambientes urbanos
ocidentalizados. As relações de poder, entre agência e estrutura e entre simbólico e o
material na constituição dos métodos ginásticos revela com estes métodos podem funcionar enquanto tecnologias do si e constituintes de diversos habitus específicos.
Ainda nesta seção, apresenta-se um enfoque interdisciplinar a partir da perspectiva
incorporada na antropologia e do enactive approach nas ciências cognitivas, que
servirá como abordagem etnográfica.
- Na terceira parte, apresentar-se-á a etnografia em si, a partir da descrição da
estrutura e funcionamento do health club: os atores sociais, os grupos e suas dinâmicas
e os principais marcadores analíticos (estilo de vida, gênero e capital simbólico). Seguese
ainda a análise das performance, dos gestos e jeitos, revelando a ligação entre
agência e estrutura existente nos conceitos de will power e flow power.
Por fim, apresentar-se-ão as considerações finais e um breve horizonte
investigativo a partir das considerações de Sloterdijk sobre a antropotécnica aonde
acredito que esta tese encontra o seu habitat teórico.
The purpose of this thesis is to present an interdisciplinary perspective on the body and embodiment through an ethnography of the daily life of a health club in Lisbon. The method builds upon my experience as a personal trainer in the health club under study, as well as an interdisciplinary framework interweaving embodiment theories from anthropology and the enactive approach from cognitive sciences, along with concepts of training physiology and physical education. The object of the study is a historical analysis of the gymnasium and the emergence of gymnastic methods, conceived of as a body technique and as a technology of the self. The scope of inquiry covers the embodiment of identity processes through the practices that constitute the habitus among the health club users and its staff. The analysis revealed the importance of the interactions between the symbolic and material, and between the social and subjective dimensions of the embodiment the habitus. Lifestyle, gender and symbolic capital function as analytical categories within this framework. The agency vs. structure query is considered from two different attitudes/lifestyles/world views, summarized in the “will power and flow power” binomial (forçar e o fluir), which polarized the analytical categories embodied in different gymnastic techniques. To illustrate the research path, the embodiment of the habitus is contextualized as an identity process in its social space and its timeframe. The perception/action cycle, in its analytical microscale of the 'manner and the gesture', is also considered, taking the movement in its communicative dimension and as a technique of the self. The textual structure of the thesis is divided into three parts, as follows: 1)The introduction, presenting the theme of the thesis, the problem, and the objectives of the study, as well as the methodological approach. 2) The state of the art, presenting the gymnasium as an important contemporary urban space/activity for understanding identity processes that takes place inside the gym, and the intrinsic logic of the gym in its social and historical context of Westernized urban environments. This section also presents an interdisciplinary approach from embodiment theory in anthropology and the enactive approach in the cognitive sciences, that supported the ethnographic perspective. 3) The ethnography itself, describing the structure and functioning of the health club, including the social actors, the groups, and their dynamics, through the point of view of the major analytical markers (lifestyle, gender, and symbolic capital). It also presents the analysis of the performances, gestures, and manners, revealing the link between agency and structure in the concepts of will power and flow power. Finally, the conclusions are presented along with an research perspective based on Sloterdijk's considerations on anthropotechnics, where I believe this thesis finds its theoretical habitat.
The purpose of this thesis is to present an interdisciplinary perspective on the body and embodiment through an ethnography of the daily life of a health club in Lisbon. The method builds upon my experience as a personal trainer in the health club under study, as well as an interdisciplinary framework interweaving embodiment theories from anthropology and the enactive approach from cognitive sciences, along with concepts of training physiology and physical education. The object of the study is a historical analysis of the gymnasium and the emergence of gymnastic methods, conceived of as a body technique and as a technology of the self. The scope of inquiry covers the embodiment of identity processes through the practices that constitute the habitus among the health club users and its staff. The analysis revealed the importance of the interactions between the symbolic and material, and between the social and subjective dimensions of the embodiment the habitus. Lifestyle, gender and symbolic capital function as analytical categories within this framework. The agency vs. structure query is considered from two different attitudes/lifestyles/world views, summarized in the “will power and flow power” binomial (forçar e o fluir), which polarized the analytical categories embodied in different gymnastic techniques. To illustrate the research path, the embodiment of the habitus is contextualized as an identity process in its social space and its timeframe. The perception/action cycle, in its analytical microscale of the 'manner and the gesture', is also considered, taking the movement in its communicative dimension and as a technique of the self. The textual structure of the thesis is divided into three parts, as follows: 1)The introduction, presenting the theme of the thesis, the problem, and the objectives of the study, as well as the methodological approach. 2) The state of the art, presenting the gymnasium as an important contemporary urban space/activity for understanding identity processes that takes place inside the gym, and the intrinsic logic of the gym in its social and historical context of Westernized urban environments. This section also presents an interdisciplinary approach from embodiment theory in anthropology and the enactive approach in the cognitive sciences, that supported the ethnographic perspective. 3) The ethnography itself, describing the structure and functioning of the health club, including the social actors, the groups, and their dynamics, through the point of view of the major analytical markers (lifestyle, gender, and symbolic capital). It also presents the analysis of the performances, gestures, and manners, revealing the link between agency and structure in the concepts of will power and flow power. Finally, the conclusions are presented along with an research perspective based on Sloterdijk's considerations on anthropotechnics, where I believe this thesis finds its theoretical habitat.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Incorporação Técnicas corporais Identidade Embodiment Identity Body techniques