FCT: CIUHCT - Artigos em revista nacional com arbitragem científica
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- Mulheres visíveisPublication . Monteiro, João Lourenço; CIUHCT - Centro Interuniversitário de História das Ciências e da Tecnologia; FUNDACO OSWALDO CRUZThis work focuses on the scientific research conducted by women at Portugal’s Institute of Tropical Medicine between 1943 and 1966. The Institute’s scientific journal documents the participation of women in tropical medicine during this period. Their publications addressed a variety of subjects and resulted from research carried out in the metropolis as well as Portugal’s overseas colonies. Most of the articles written by these women were are co-authored by their male colleagues, reflecting the incorporation of female researchers into scientific networks already established by men. This work in progress provides a starting point to lend visibility to a group of scientific actors who are practically absent from the historiography of tropical medicine.
- Inserciones, identidades y competencias de los sociólogos en PortugalPublication . Abrantes, Pedro; Banha, Rui; Ramos, Madalena; Aníbal, Alexandra; Urze, Paula; CIUHCT - Centro Interuniversitário de História das Ciências e da Tecnologia; Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, Centro de Investigação e Estudos de Sociologia | Editora Mundos SociaisThis article aims to contribute to the knowledge and reflection on the professional identities and representations of sociologists per se and in their relationship with others professionals within the framework of organizational dynamics. Some key issues on the development of this field in Portugal are addressed through the analysis of the responses to the “Professional Skills and Practices of the Graduates in Sociology” survey, which was launched in 2019. The effects of generational differences, training path and professional placement (working within or outside the academy) on identity and representations, namely of what it means to be a sociologist, are explored.
- Hermaphrodites and the understanding of sexual difference in the early seventeenth centuryPublication . Fontes da Costa, Palmira; CIUHCT - Centro Interuniversitário de História das Ciências e da Tecnologia; Universidade de AveiroAbstract: In this paper, I compare the ways in which three seventeenth-century physi-cians, Rodrigo de Castro, Caspar Bauhin and Jean Riolan, dealt in their works with the anatomical and social problems posed by the hermaphroditic body. I show that early seventeenth-century medical discourses on hermaphrodites have recourse to a diverse synthesis of theories, sources and medical cases and that they are influenced by cultural anxieties over the disruptive power of sexual ambiguity. Resumo: Este artigo compara a visão de três médicos seiscentistas, Rodrigo de Castro, Caspar Bauhin e Jean Riolan, sobre os problemas anatómicos e sociais suscitados pelo corpo hermafrodita. Da análise apresentada, conclui-se que os discursos médicos sobre hermafroditas dos primórdios do século XVII são de natureza sincrética e influenciados por receios relacionados com o poder disruptivo da ambiguidade sexual na sociedade.
- A indústria portuguesa pelo olhar da fotografia na viragem do século XIX para o século XXPublication . Pereira, Hugo Silveira; CIUHCT - Centro Interuniversitário de História das Ciências e da Tecnologia; University of CoimbraIn the period between the last quarter of the nineteenth century and the early years of the twentieth century, three distinct, yet interwoven, historical processes overlapped in Portugal: a modest industrial growth, the dissemination of photography as a common practice, and the publication of photographic images in the illustrated press. This article analyses how an illustrated magazine, O Occidente, represented Portuguese industry through the printing of photographs or drawings of photographs. It follows a methodology that combines semiotics with content analysis in photojournalism to show that Occidente created a representation of the industry as a modern and innovative sector that illustrated progress in Portugal, that did not coincide with its true state. This essay adds to the debate about the importance of photography as an historical source (and not just an illustrative tool) and to business history, namely the representations created and circulated about Portuguese industry.
- O poder do teatro enquanto espaço de materialidadePublication . Gamito-Marques, Daniel; CIUHCT - Centro Interuniversitário de História das Ciências e da Tecnologia; Universidade da MadeiraThe purpose of this essay is to discuss the place of theater in a post-COVID-19 era by reinforcing the indelible link of this artistic form to the assembly of people in the same physical space. Even before the establishment of containment measures, it was possible to detect the increasing migration of human life to the de-territorialized space of the digital, in what concerns work, leisure, interpersonal communication, and even the search for a romantic/sexual partner. The necessity of limiting physical proximity to other people in order to slow viral transmission, a both relevant and useful measure, has certainly increased the above mentioned tendency. Confronted with closed working spaces, authors of the performing arts have searched for alternatives in the digital space. However, this territory has limitations that collide with central characteristics of our concept of theater. Theater can still be understood as a form of resistance against the digitalization of human life, insofar as it continues to be “the physical manifestation of something that happens in front of an audience of flesh and bone individuals” (CARNEVALI 2020), and in a concrete physical space.
- Uma ideia de império no final da monarquia constitucionalPublication . Pereira, Hugo Silveira; CIUHCT - Centro Interuniversitário de História das Ciências e da Tecnologia; University of CoimbraIn 1907, Luís Filipe, heir apparent of Portugal, visited the Portuguese colonies in Africa. The voyage was covered by the Portuguese illustrated press that, together with news about the journey, published several photographs of the locations visited by the prince. In this paper, I analyse a set of pictures published in the journals O Occidente and Illustração Portugueza and I show how they contributed to a visual narrative of progress and modernity of the Portuguese imperial project that illustrated the civilising mission of the Portuguese Empire. I show how the colonies were presented as Europeanised places, with tokens of the technoscientific presence of the mainland (that, however, did not hide a romantic view of the exoticness of the African landscape), including the imposition of European mores over the natives. I aim to add to the debate about the importance of photography to colonial projects, as a tool of Empire.
- Visões do Império: A coleção fotográfica da brigada de estudo e construção do caminho de ferro de Moçâmedes (c. 1907 - c. 1914)Publication . Pereira, Hugo Silveira; CIUHCT - Centro Interuniversitário de História das Ciências e da Tecnologia; University of CoimbraIn the beginning of the twentieth century, the Portuguese government began the construction of a railway in the Moçâmedes district, in the south of its colony of Angola. The works and afterwards the operation produced a fair collection of photographs, which is studied in this paper. Drawing from the assumption that, despite what its promoters touted, photography is a highly subjective document, I explain in this article the representations embedded in those images, using a methodology combining semiotics with photojournalism analysis. I show how photography was used to build an image of Portugal as a modern and technological nation with imperial leaning that did its part on the mission of civilising Africa and educating its inhabitants in the European ways, albeit many times with discriminatory and racist attitudes. Therefore, I add to the debate about photography as a tool of Empire.
- O caminho de ferro da Beira em Moçambique (1890-1914): Entre antagonismo tecnodiplomático e simbiose económicaPublication . Pereira, Hugo Silveira; CIUHCT - Centro Interuniversitário de História das Ciências e da Tecnologia; scieloptBecause of a treaty signed between Portugal and England, in 1892 a British Company controlled by Cecil Rhodes’ bsac began the construction of a railway between the Mozambican harbor of Beira and the Rhodesian frontier. Despite the fears of denationalization of the Portuguese territories, construction and operation were conducted almost without any inspection from Portuguese authorities. The line cost Portugal nothing and its cross-border operation became rather efficient. In this paper, I aim to explain this historical process, using the concepts of large transnational technological systems, cross-borders, landlocked countries, and technodiplomacy.
- The ambaca railway in angola: History of a failed public-private partnership (1885-1914 and briefly onwards)Publication . Pereira, Hugo Silveira; CIUHCT - Centro Interuniversitário de História das Ciências e da Tecnologia; Department of Economic History and Institutions, Policy and World EconomyIn 1886, the Portuguese government signed a public-private partnership with a private company to build and operate a railway between Luanda and Ambaca in its overseas colony of Angola. It was expected that the partnership would benefit both parties: It would provide Angola with a powerful tool of economic development and political appropriation, and it would pay the private investment (stockholders and bondholders). However, the enterprise soon became a financial disaster with soaring construction costs and feeble operational revenues, which forced the Portuguese state to intervene. In this paper, I will analyse the evolution of the Ambaca public-private partnership from a quantitative perspective, examining the figures of its financing, operation and state aid. I will add to the debate about the relationship between state and private initiatives, through public-private partnerships in the specific context of the scramble for Africa and New Imperialism of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.