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The Phenomenology of Aristotle in Heidegger’s ‘Sein und Zeit: the Phenomenon of Aletheuein in the Concept of Eigentlichkeit
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Resumo(s)
In the existential analysis of Dasein, Heidegger’s phenomenology is driven by the
presence of Aristotle’s phenomenological nature of thought and its phenomenological
possibilities. This study examines the early Heidegger’s retrieval of Aristotle’s
a¹lhqeu¿ein in his inquiries at Marburg and the articulation of this notion in the concept of
Eigentlichkeit in Sein und Zeit (1927). Turning to Aristotle’s analysis of faino/menon and
lo/goj, Heidegger’s project in Marburg is motivated by the return to Aristotle in order to
retrieve and exhibit a¹lhqeu¿ein as the phenomenon that articulates the research on factical
Dasein in the world. In undertaking this kind of phenomenological reflection, Heidegger is
not trying merely to clarify his own stance in relation to Aristotle, but he is also in fact
reactivating the Greek (Aristotelian) sense of phenomenology retrieving Aristotle’s view
on philosophical research. It is shown that the phenomenological description of Dasein to
which Heidegger appeals in Being and Time is not a ‘project’ of his philosophy, but rather
it arises as a possibility on the basis of the possibilities inherent in thinking (and so
language) as such. In Sein und Zeit, the theme of Eigentlichkeit is situated from the
beginning within Aristotle’s teleology and traced back to Aristotle’s understanding of life
and pra½cij, since it is based upon the phenomenon of a¹lhqeu¿ein as the basic trait of
human activity. It is argued that the point in revealing the practical foundation of
Aristotle’s modes of a¹lhqeu¿ein is essentially to find out what it means for Dasein to be a
form of ki/nhsij that opens up the possibility of authenticity in human being. In this
pursuit, it becomes possible not only to regard authenticity as a form of a©lhqeu¿ein or
articulative disclosing of being-in-the-world, but also as a temporal phenomenon whose
origin is to be found in the Aristotelian ki¿nhsij and nouÍj underlying its core notion:
Entschlossenheit. On the basis of this concept it is argued that authenticity cannot be
determined nor exhausted by being-towards-death but, rather, by the most far-reaching
possibility of a¹lhqeu¿ein: historicity.
Descrição
Tese arquivada ao abrigo da Portaria nº 227/2017 de 25 de Julho-Registo de Grau Estrangeiro
Palavras-chave
Filosofia Fenomenologia Phenomenology Philosophy