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A confiança na diminuição da ansiedade de músicos eruditos
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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
Em música, uma apresentação bem sucedida depende, em parte, de factores
psicológicos. Um instrumentista altamente dotado poderá não conseguir exprimir-se
perante um público ou júri se não estiver psicologicamente preparado. A preparação
mental pode ser considerada como um dos factores mais importantes para o bem estar e
bom desempenho dos músicos. Por norma, músicos e professores investem na
preparação técnica, mas negligenciam a preparação mental, indispensável para um
desempenho de sucesso. Uma preparação adequada pode ajudar a melhorar a autoeficácia.
De forma a avaliar a incidência do problema da ansiedade relativa ao desempenho na
comunidade portuguesa de músicos, foi realizada uma sondagem com um inquérito.
Responderam 185 voluntários, destes, 86,5% mencionou sofrer com a ansiedade do
desempenho musical.
O presente estudo teve como objectivo ajudar e ensinar os instrumentistas de música
erudita, a lidar com a ansiedade que sentem frente ao público. Pensa-se que a autoeficácia
poderá ser o factor que mais influencia os níveis de ansiedade do desempenho
musical. Neste sentido, foi avaliada, e estudada a relação entre a auto-eficácia e a
ansiedade.
Foram realizadas reuniões e palestras com músicos instrumentistas de orquestras
portuguesas, solistas e alunos finalistas do ensino superior (153 participantes). Através
dos relatos desses músicos, foi possível obter mais informações sobre o nível de
incidência e da forma como lidam com o problema da ansiedade do desempenho musical.
Utilizaram-se 6 participantes, voluntários, para colaborar num estudo mais
aprofundado. Inicialmente foi feita uma avaliação individual de cada participante. O
instrumento utilizado foi um diário (aplicação) online, que foi preenchido pelos
participantes no período que antecedeu uma apresentação em concerto e até ao final
desse evento. A avaliação inicial permitiu conhecer melhor a evolução e níveis da
ansiedade, auto-eficácia e desempenho de cada um dos 6 músicos. Foram também
observados aspectos como as horas de sono, a medicação, as estratégias de bem estar, os
acontecimentos que desencadearam mal estar.
A intervenção consistiu em sessões de treino individuais, que serviram para fomentar as
competências dos indivíduos para lidarem com a ansiedade do desempenho musical.
Foram trabalhadas as cognições irracionais e intrusivas, numa tentativa da as transformar
racionais. Tentou-se melhorar a auto-eficácia dos 6 participantes.
Foi realizada uma avaliação final para analisar os resultados da intervenção. Salienta-se
que cinco dos seis participantes apresentaram um aumento dos níveis de auto-eficácia,
uma diminuição dos níveis de ansiedade e melhoraram o seu desempenho. Um dos
participantes deixou a medicação. Conclui-se que a auto-eficácia é um factor mediador dos níveis da ansiedade e eficácia e
que, através da sua promoção, é possível diminuir a ansiedade do desempenho musical.
In music, a successful performance depends, in part, on psychological factors. A highly gifted instrumentalist may not be able to express himself in front an audience or jury if he is not psychologically prepared. Mental preparation can be considered as one of the most important factors for the well-being and good performance of the musicians. As a rule, musicians and teachers invest in the technical preparation, but neglect the mental preparation indispensable for a successful performance. Proper preparation can help improve self-efficacy. In order to evaluate the prevalence of anxiety related to performance in the Portuguese musician community, a survey was done with an inquiry. Answered to the inquiry 185 volunteers, of these, 86.5% mentioned suffering with music performance anxiety. The purpose of this study was to help and teach classical music players to deal with the anxiety they feel in front of the public. It is thought that self-efficacy may be the factor that most influences anxiety levels of music performance. In this sense, the relationship between self-efficacy and anxiety was evaluated and studied. Meetings and lectures were held with musicians from Portuguese orchestras, soloists, finalist students of high schools and universities (153 participants). Through the reports of these musicians, it was possible to obtain more information about the level of prevalence and the way they deal with the problem of music performance anxiety. Six volunteers were used to collaborate in a more detailed study. Initially an individual evaluation of each participant was made. The instrument used was an online journal (application), which was completed by the participants in the period prior to a performance in concert and until the end of that event. The initial evaluation allowed a better understanding of the evolution and levels of anxiety, self-efficacy and efficacy of each of the 6 musicians. Aspects such as sleeping hours, medication, wellness strategies, and events that triggered malaise were also observed. The intervention consisted of individual training sessions, which served to foster individuals abilities to deal with music performance anxiety. Irrational and intrusive cognitions were worked out in an attempt to make them rational. Attempts were made to improve self-efficacy of the 6 participants. A final evaluation was performed to analyze the results of the intervention. It is noteworthy that five of the six participants had increased levels of self-efficacy, decreased anxiety levels and improved performance. One of the participants left the medication. It is concluded that self-efficacy is a mediating factor of anxiety and efficacy levels, and through its promotion, it is possible to reduce music performance anxiety.
In music, a successful performance depends, in part, on psychological factors. A highly gifted instrumentalist may not be able to express himself in front an audience or jury if he is not psychologically prepared. Mental preparation can be considered as one of the most important factors for the well-being and good performance of the musicians. As a rule, musicians and teachers invest in the technical preparation, but neglect the mental preparation indispensable for a successful performance. Proper preparation can help improve self-efficacy. In order to evaluate the prevalence of anxiety related to performance in the Portuguese musician community, a survey was done with an inquiry. Answered to the inquiry 185 volunteers, of these, 86.5% mentioned suffering with music performance anxiety. The purpose of this study was to help and teach classical music players to deal with the anxiety they feel in front of the public. It is thought that self-efficacy may be the factor that most influences anxiety levels of music performance. In this sense, the relationship between self-efficacy and anxiety was evaluated and studied. Meetings and lectures were held with musicians from Portuguese orchestras, soloists, finalist students of high schools and universities (153 participants). Through the reports of these musicians, it was possible to obtain more information about the level of prevalence and the way they deal with the problem of music performance anxiety. Six volunteers were used to collaborate in a more detailed study. Initially an individual evaluation of each participant was made. The instrument used was an online journal (application), which was completed by the participants in the period prior to a performance in concert and until the end of that event. The initial evaluation allowed a better understanding of the evolution and levels of anxiety, self-efficacy and efficacy of each of the 6 musicians. Aspects such as sleeping hours, medication, wellness strategies, and events that triggered malaise were also observed. The intervention consisted of individual training sessions, which served to foster individuals abilities to deal with music performance anxiety. Irrational and intrusive cognitions were worked out in an attempt to make them rational. Attempts were made to improve self-efficacy of the 6 participants. A final evaluation was performed to analyze the results of the intervention. It is noteworthy that five of the six participants had increased levels of self-efficacy, decreased anxiety levels and improved performance. One of the participants left the medication. It is concluded that self-efficacy is a mediating factor of anxiety and efficacy levels, and through its promotion, it is possible to reduce music performance anxiety.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Música Ansiedade Desempenho Auto-eficácia Music Anxiety Performance Self-efficacy