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Publicação
Relações artísticas entre Portugal e a Flandres através dos livros de horas existentes em Portugal
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Resumo(s)
A tese que agora se apresenta pretende mostrar a importância dos Livros de Horas na
sociedade portuguesa tardo-medieval e nas relações que a envolveram com as principais
cortes europeias. Este estudo permitiu reconstituir o percurso de alguns códices, avaliar o
prestígio que então granjeávamos junto das principais casas, a grande receptividade que a
arte flamenga encontrou junto da nobreza portuguesa e o impacto que teve na produção
nacional. A ausência de estudos, para a grande maioria dos códices, levou-nos à elaboração
do levantamento exaustivo dos Livros de Horas manuscritos e fólios soltos que actualmente se
conservam em Portugal, organizado por instituições, acrescido de dezasseis outros códices
vinculados à corte portuguesa, pertencentes a entidades estrangeiras, e aos quais
dedicamos, também, um brevíssimo estudo.
Os setenta e oito exemplares que assinalámos em Portugal foram alvo de um estudo
analítico que incluiu a identificação da origem e dos programas iconográficos (com
indicação da secção em que estão inseridos) e a bibliografia específica para cada
manuscrito. Os Livros de Horas de origem flamenga, maioritariamente provenientes da
colecção real portuguesa, foram objecto de um estudo codicológico mais aprofundado que
incluiu, para além dos aspectos atrás mencionados, a elaboração de fichas científicas
desenvolvidas, a transcrição integral do texto e o seu confronto com a pintura e iluminura
coevas, com o património de épocas precedentes e com a produção das gerações
subsequentes, onde procurámos avaliar o seu impacto. Desse estudo advieram também
novidades significativas relativas aos códices em análise, destacando-se a reconstituição do
que consideramos ser o projecto inicial das ditas Horas ditas de D. Fernando ou D. Catarina,
pretendendo-se agora que a sua visibilidade os posicione no centro da discussão nacional e
internacional.
Ao organizá-los por cronologias e ateliês pretendemos mostrar a evolução da
linguagem pictórica que marcou a iluminura flamenga dos séculos XV e XVI, tendo a sua
contextualização na produção coeva servido para melhor compreender as dinâmicas da
produção do livro, da circulação de modelos, as escolhas da elites portuguesas e a grandeza
dos códices que possuímos. A reconstituição do seu percurso institucional e as parcerias
desenvolvidas com algumas instituições detentoras dos códices permitiram-nos avaliar e
compreender danos infligidos em épocas mais recentes e reconstituir parte da história do livro.
The central thesis of this work is to show the importance of the Book of Hours, in the context of the late medieval Portuguese society and the relations that involved it with the main European courts. This study has allowed to reconstitute the course of some codices, to evaluate the prestige that we gained in the main European courts, the great receptivity that the Flemish art found within the Portuguese nobility and the impact that it had on the national production. The absence of studies, for the great majority of the codices, led us to the elaboration of the exhaustive survey of the handwritten Books of Hours and loose folios that are currently preserved in Portugal, organized by institutions, plus sixteen other codices linked to the Portuguese court that belong to foreign entities and to which we also dedicate a very brief study. The seventy-eight specimens we pointed out in Portugal were the subject of an analytical study which included the identification of the origin and the iconographic programs (with indication of the section in which they are inserted) and the specific bibliography for each manuscript. The Books of Hours of Flemish origin, mostly from the Portuguese royal collection, were the object of a more detailed codicological study that included, in addition to the aspects mentioned before, the elaboration of developed scientific records, the complete transcription of the text and its confrontation with the coeval painting and illumination, with the patrimony of previous times and with the production of the subsequent generations, where we tried to evaluate its impact. From this study there were also significant innovations related to the codices under analysis, highlighting the reconstitution of what we consider to be the initial project of the so-called Book of Hours said to belong to Prince Ferdinand or Queen Catherine, and it is now expected that their visibility will position them in the center of the national and international discussion. By organizing them in chronologies and workshops, we intend to show the evolution of the pictorial language which marked the Flemish illuminations of the 15th and 16th centuries, and its contextualization in the contemporary production served to better understand the dynamics of book production, the circulation of models, the choices of the Portuguese elites and the greatness of the codices that we possess. The reconstitution of its institutional course and the partnerships developed with some institutions that have the codices allowed us to evaluate and understand damages inflicted in more recent times and reconstitute part of the history of the book.
The central thesis of this work is to show the importance of the Book of Hours, in the context of the late medieval Portuguese society and the relations that involved it with the main European courts. This study has allowed to reconstitute the course of some codices, to evaluate the prestige that we gained in the main European courts, the great receptivity that the Flemish art found within the Portuguese nobility and the impact that it had on the national production. The absence of studies, for the great majority of the codices, led us to the elaboration of the exhaustive survey of the handwritten Books of Hours and loose folios that are currently preserved in Portugal, organized by institutions, plus sixteen other codices linked to the Portuguese court that belong to foreign entities and to which we also dedicate a very brief study. The seventy-eight specimens we pointed out in Portugal were the subject of an analytical study which included the identification of the origin and the iconographic programs (with indication of the section in which they are inserted) and the specific bibliography for each manuscript. The Books of Hours of Flemish origin, mostly from the Portuguese royal collection, were the object of a more detailed codicological study that included, in addition to the aspects mentioned before, the elaboration of developed scientific records, the complete transcription of the text and its confrontation with the coeval painting and illumination, with the patrimony of previous times and with the production of the subsequent generations, where we tried to evaluate its impact. From this study there were also significant innovations related to the codices under analysis, highlighting the reconstitution of what we consider to be the initial project of the so-called Book of Hours said to belong to Prince Ferdinand or Queen Catherine, and it is now expected that their visibility will position them in the center of the national and international discussion. By organizing them in chronologies and workshops, we intend to show the evolution of the pictorial language which marked the Flemish illuminations of the 15th and 16th centuries, and its contextualization in the contemporary production served to better understand the dynamics of book production, the circulation of models, the choices of the Portuguese elites and the greatness of the codices that we possess. The reconstitution of its institutional course and the partnerships developed with some institutions that have the codices allowed us to evaluate and understand damages inflicted in more recent times and reconstitute part of the history of the book.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Livro de Horas Manuscritos iluminados flamengos Manuscritos iluminados portugueses Corte portuguesa Borgonha Book of Hours Flemish illuminated manuscripts Portuguese illuminated manuscripts Portuguese court Burgundy