FCSH: IPRI - Artigos em revista internacional com arbitragem científica
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- Political neglect and support for the radical rightPublication . Magalhães, Pedro C.; Cancela, João; Departamento de Estudos Políticos (DEPo); Instituto Português de Relações Internacionais (IPRI); Elsevier BVWhy are rural voters more likely to support radical right parties? This paper examines the mechanisms behind the relationship between living in a rural area and supporting the Portuguese radical-right party Chega. Portugal's radical right is an interesting case study, not only because of its belated but very fast electoral growth but also because Portugal represents an unusual case of economic convergence between urban and rural areas in the last decade, challenging one of the traditional explanations for rural populism — economic grievances. Using data from exit polls from the 2022 and 2024 elections, we start by showing that voters living in a rural area are characterized by disproportionally high levels of support for Chega. Then, using a 2023 face-to-face national survey, we use parallel mediation models to test different mechanisms that relate rurality with the vote for the radical right. We find no evidence that cultural and economic factors play a relevant role in the relationship between rurality and the radical right vote in Portugal. Instead, rural residents are more likely to perceive the areas where they live as politically neglected, and it is this perception that feeds, in turn, into support for the radical right. Political neglect emerges as the key mediating factor, shedding light on the dynamics of radical right-wing populism in rural regions.
- From Annexation to independencePublication . Mendes, Pedro Emanuel; Instituto Português de Relações Internacionais (IPRI); Taylor & FrancisThis article explores the interaction between material and normative power in international politics through a comparative analysis of Timor-Leste. By examining Indonesia’s annexation of Timor-Leste in 1975 and its resolution in 1999, this article shows the evolving consideration of normative reasons among actors. In 1975, material power took precedence, freezing the Timor-Leste issue in favour of Indonesia. By 1999, key actors recognized the illegitimacy of the annexation and prioritized a just, internationally acceptable solution for Timor-Leste, aligning with international norms. The article emphasizes the role of normative power in shaping international politics, illustrating that international politics is influenced by both material power and normative legitimacy. It highlights the resilience of normative reasons and the ongoing social (re)construction of international order, challenging the view that international politics is solely driven by material power. While material power may dominate initially, normative power and legitimacy eventually emerge.
- The power of norms and leaders in constructing normative relevancePublication . Mendes, Pedro Emanuel; Instituto Português de Relações Internacionais (IPRI); Sage PublishingHow can the power of norms triumph over material power? To address this issue this article explores the relational dynamics of structural and agential factors that enhanced the normative relevance of the Timor-Leste question between 1975 and 1999. In doing so, it contextualises the roles of the United Nations, Portugal, and Indonesia; advances a relational theorisation about power, norms, and context; and develops the concept of normative relevance. I argue that the change in Timor-Leste was related to the hierarchical and normative structural transformations of the 1990s, with the new political and ideational environment providing the conditions necessary for the change and emergence of Timor-Leste’s normative relevance. Moreover, by activating a sense of normative obligation, leaders and diplomatic officials assume the role of agents of change and reinforce the norm’s relevance. However, simply possessing normative reason for resolving an international dispute is insufficient. For normative legitimacy to be effective, norms must be relevant and collectively assumed by the international community.
- "What is your digital identity?"Publication . Rowland, J; Estevens, J; Instituto Português de Relações Internacionais (IPRI); SAGE PublicationsDigital identity has become a central concept in understanding how people's online presence is shaped and made sense of. Although extensively studied, the prevailing focus has been on how online identities are shaped by digital platforms or how users curate and perform these identities. How users perceive and assess this concept, however, has received comparatively less attention. In this article, we take a qualitative, user-centric approach to the meaning of digital identity, drawing on insights from 17 online focus group discussions involving 86 participants in Portugal. We identify three distinctive understandings - digital identification, self-presentation, and the datafied self - each corresponding to specific facets of users' online experiences. Our findings underscore the multidimensionality of digital identity, highlighting its dynamic nature and potential for ongoing reinterpretation. This work contributes to the existing literature by highlighting how the concept's ever-expanding complexity relates to people's sensemaking practices about identity, agency, and digital platforms in datafied societies.
- La Batalla de los MapasPublication . Basílio, Romário S.; Instituto Português de Relações Internacionais (IPRI); Universidad Compultense MadridEste artículo presenta los resultados de un estudio de caso sobre el conflicto anglo-brasileño en el territorio situado en la actual frontera entre Guyana y Brasil (1904), previamente afectado por disputas entre Gran Bretaña y Venezuela (1897). Analiza los discursos y narrativas cartográficas presentados en los tribunales de arbitraje, explorando las descripciones e interpretaciones de exploraciones, mapas y trayectorias. Desde una perspectiva diacrónica, se centra en los argumentos políticos, diplomáticos y militares que rodearon el establecimiento y la controversia de estos tribunales, destacando una historia de lo remoto en las cartografías fronterizas y los conflictos territoriales en las Guayanas. Las conclusiones del estudio generan debates sobre los intentos de arbitraje y sus esfuerzos por crear y modificar discursos cartográficos, arrojando luz sobre la marginación de la presencia y el conocimiento de las comunidades tradicionales. Se subraya la importancia de examinar estas disputas y sus canales de comunicación, incluyendo el material producido y compilado con sesgos inherentes. Por último, el artículo aborda las ansiedades cartográficas que surgieron de las disputas limítrofes en las Américas, particularmente en el contexto de un enfoque de estudio de choques de territorialidades, en medio de los esfuerzos nacionales por definir los límites de las naciones involucradas en el contexto de las líneas coloniales heredadas. This paper presents the findings of a case study on the Anglo-Brazilian conflict over the territory located on the current border between Guyana and Brazil in 1904, a region previously marred by disputes between Great Britain and Venezuela in 1897. It analyzes the discourses and cartographic narratives presented in arbitration tribunals exploring the descriptions and interpretations of explorations, maps, and trajectories. From a diachronic perspective, it focuses on the political, diplomatic, and military arguments that surrounded the establishment and controversy of these tribunals while highlighting a history of remoteness in border cartographies and territorial conflicts in the Guianas. The conclusions of the study open up discussions about arbitrations and their attempts to create and alter cartographic discourses, shedding light on the marginalization of the presence and knowledge of traditional communities. It underscores the importance of examining these disputes and their communication channels, including the material produced and compiled with inherent biases. Lastly, the article addresses the cartographic anxieties that arose from boundary disputes in the Americas, particularly within an approach of studying clashes of territorialities amid national efforts to define the boundaries of the nations involved in the context of inherited colonial lines.
- Science diplomacy in the European UnionPublication . Abrantes, Marta; Vaz-Pinto, Raquel; Departamento de Estudos Políticos (DEPo); Instituto Português de Relações Internacionais (IPRI); Springer NatureScience diplomacy has been assuming a growing importance in the actions of states due to their need to respond to global challenges and to strengthen their power and influence through competitive advantage based on science and technology. Within the European Union (EU), science diplomacy can be seen as an instrument for the integration of the European project and for the projection of EU influence, standards, and values in the relationship with third countries. In this context, the present work aims at understanding and characterizing Portugal’s science diplomacy model and its relationship with the European project from 1986 (the moment of Portugal’s accession to the European Economic Community) to 2021. To this end, we mapped the science diplomacy designed and implemented by the Portuguese State by identifying its different instruments based on a methodology suggested by the European Commission, Directorate-General for Research and Innovation and Van Langenhove in 2017 and using a timeframe suggested by Heitor in 2015. The obtained dataset was subjected to a combination of analytical frameworks, including the general framing analysis proposed by Ruffini and Krasnyak in 2023, which allowed us to identify the objectives, strategic drivers and implementation approach of the Portuguese science diplomacy model. In the period under study Portugal has been developing a science diplomacy in parallel with the European project without ever losing a global vision of the relations in the field of science and technology.
- IntroductionPublication . Moury, Catherine; Pritoni, Andrea; Departamento de Estudos Políticos (DEPo); Instituto Português de Relações Internacionais (IPRI); Taylor & FrancisThis introduction to the ‘Politics in Italy 2024’ special issue sheds light on the main events that unfolded during the course of the last year. A central focus is on the passing of Silvio Berlusconi, discussing his legacy and the consequences of his death for the Italian party system. This introduction also discusses the extent to which Fratelli d’Italia (FdI) was able to honour its election pledges, and to act in such a way as to draw a clear line of discontinuity with previous governments. Drawing on Peter Mair’s well-known idea that parties in power are torn between responsibility and responsiveness, we explore the factors that propelled the Meloni government in the direction of the former objective. These aspects are assessed against the available empirical evidence presented in this special issue, revealing that despite notable instances of rupture, Giorgi Meloni’s government has largely followed in the footsteps of its predecessors.
- Understanding successful policy innovationPublication . Moury, Catherine; Escada, Mafalda; Departamento de Estudos Políticos (DEPo); Instituto Português de Relações Internacionais (IPRI); Wilding & SonIntroduction: In 2000, the Portuguese minority socialist government decriminalized the possession and consumption of drugs. This law made Portugal unique in having a formal system that directs the person using drugs to a panel under the purview of the Ministry of Health, as opposed to the Ministry of Justice, and hence constitutes an ‘original innovation’. In this article, we ask under which conditions such kinds of reforms are introduced and successfully implemented. Aims and design: After discussing the limitations of the existing literature, we present a new theoretical framework: the ‘six-stars’ framework. We argue that successful policy innovation in democracies will only occur and persist when six institutional and individual ‘stars’ are aligned: attention, motivation to innovate, a new solution, political strategies, quality and legitimacy of the decision-making process and guarantees for full implementation. We then apply this framework to the Portuguese Drug Policy Case through theory-testing/process-tracing. Relying upon a qualitative analysis of three different types of data—primary and secondary sources, official documents emitted by key actors and interviews—we identify the presence of the six aligned ‘stars’. Conclusions: The proposed ‘six-stars’ framework of successful drug policy innovation shows the importance of electoral mandates, communication, inclusion, transparency, deliberation and evaluation when designing innovative drug policies. It also illustrates the importance of ensuring the support of implementing agents and quickly creating visible, positive policy feedback.
- A Pacted Transition?Publication . Castaño, David Mourão Ferreira; Instituto Português de Relações Internacionais (IPRI); Centro de Estudios Políticos y ConstitucionalesThe Portuguese transition has been reviewed by several political scientists and a part of the literature devoted to transitions to democracy since the 1970s. However, it remains difficult to understand and explain its success. This is what the present article purports to do, retrieving some of these contributions and linking them to a historiographical approach anchored in recent studies on Portuguese political history. In this sense, it reclaims the idea of a double transition taking place in Portugal between 1974 and 1982 and draws attention not only to the two pacts signed in 1975 and 1976, but also to three other pacts which we believe were decisive to the success of the Portuguese transition.
- The logic of distinctionPublication . Meyer Resende, Madalena; Rocha, Bruno; Fernandes, Sandra; Instituto Português de Relações Internacionais (IPRI); Instituto Brasileiro de Relações InternacionaisThis article proposes a framework that captures the logic of status seeking and reassesses the influence of one of its key drivers: nationalism. Inspired by Bourdieu’s logic of distinction, the article conceptualises status as a form of social distinction and argues that nationalism influences status seeking based on variations in its external dimension. By examining the case of German nationalism, we illustrate how status-seeking practices such as overseas expansion, involvement with the League of Nations, and participation in European integration were determined by the interplay between a state’s position, national habitus and rules of status politics.