A carregar...
Publicação
Da política de cooperação à cooperação da política. A política de cooperação técnico-militar no Pós 25 de Abril de 1974. O caso particular de Angola.
| Nome: | Descrição: | Tamanho: | Formato: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.21 MB | Adobe PDF |
Autores
Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
O presente estudo investigou o processo de elaboração da política (policy
process) de cooperação portuguesa e em particular a cooperação técnico-militar com os
Países Africanos de Língua Oficial Portuguesa. Pretendemos descrever e explicar o
ciclo de mudanças operado na política de cooperação portuguesa e, em particular, na
cooperação técnica militar após o 25 de Abril de 1974.
Descrevemos a formulação, a implementação, a execução e a avaliação desta
política pública a partir das perspetivas teóricas de Frey (2000) e de Jann & Wegrich
(2007) e explicamos os ciclos de mudanças do processo político com recurso à Policy
Analysis. Os dados foram obtidos através de uma análise intensiva que incidiu sobre a
legislação e outros documentos estruturantes da política de cooperação portuguesa
(Leis, Decretos-Lei, Resoluções, Portarias e Programas do Governo) e da cooperação
técnico-militar em particular (Leis, Decretos-Lei, Programas de Governo, e Programasquadro),
seus princípios gerais, meios, instrumentos e objetivos.
Os resultados sugerem que existiu um primeiro ciclo político (1974-1985) onde,
para além de se procurar garantir coerência, se definiram os principais setores de
intervenção através de acordos gerais. Seguiu-se um segundo ciclo político (1986 a
1998), que procurou imprimir coerência, visão e direção à ação política e obter um
instrumento de correção que lhe faltava. Finalmente, o terceiro ciclo (1999 a 2014) é
sugestivo de que a ação política procura reforçar a coordenação e a transparência
subjacente ao processo político e procura incorporar-lhe uma maior coerência e eficácia,
designadamente, ao reforçar e consolidar, em 2014, o papel do Camões – Instituto da
Cooperação e da Língua, I.P. enquanto organismo responsável pela direção,
coordenação e supervisão da cooperação.
Ao nível da cooperação técnico-militar, principalmente a partir de 1990, as
mudanças operadas resultaram, basicamente, de um processo reativo como resposta a
alterações observadas no Conceito Estratégico de Defesa Nacional, que motivaram o
aparecimento da multilateralidade em 2001, o Programa de Apoio às Missões de Paz em
África e o protocolo da Comunidade dos Países de Língua Portuguesa em 2006. Em
2012 foi reforçado o papel da Direção de Serviços da Cooperação Técnico-Militar,
como unidade orgânica nuclear de coordenação e de avaliação no domínio técnicomilitar
da cooperação portuguesa e em 2015 o papel da Direção Geral da Política de
Defesa Nacional, como o serviço central promotor e coordenador da política de
cooperação no domínio da defesa.
Afiguram-se necessárias a reconfiguração modelar da política de cooperação
portuguesa autonomizando esta política pública num ministério próprio e a redefinição
dos acordos, dos projetos e das ações da cooperação técnico-militar, uma vez que este
domínio da cooperação se encontra numa fase de rotina e de estagnação, carecendo de
revitalização geradora de ganhos de eficácia.
This study researched the Portuguese cooperation policy process, in particular military technical cooperation with the African Portuguese Speaking Countries. It intends to describe and explain the cycle of change that occurred in the Portuguese cooperation policy, more specifically regarding military technical cooperation after the 25th April 1974. The formulation, implementation, execution and assessment of this public policy are thoroughly described and based upon Frey’s (2000) and Jann & Wegrich (2007) theoretical perspectives whereas the cycles of change of the policy process are explained through the use of policy analysis. The data were obtained through extensive analysis of legislation as well as other defining documents of the Portuguese cooperation policy (Laws, Decree-Laws, Resolutions, Ministerial orders, and Government Programs), and technical military cooperation in particular (Laws, Decree-Laws, Government Programs and Framework Programs). In accordance to the results obtained there was a first political cycle (1974-1985) in which the main sectors of intervention were defined by means of general agreements. There was a second political cycle (1986-1998) where there was a search for coherence, vision and direction within the political action and an attempt to obtain the necessary element of correction that were missing. Finally, the third cycle (1999-2014) suggests that the political action tries to reinforce the coordination and transparency underlying the political process at the same time trying to embody it with more coherence and efficiency. Namely, by reinforcing and consolidating the role of Instituto Camões, in 2014, as the body responsible for the direction, coordination and supervision of cooperation. Regarding military technical cooperation, mainly as from 1990, the changes that took place resulted from a reactive process as a response to changes that occurred in the Strategic Concept of National Defense. These changes gave rise to multilateralism in 2001, to the Support Program to Peace Missions in Africa and to the protocol of the Community of Portuguese-Speaking Countries, in 2006. In 2012, the role of the Directorate of Services for Military Technical Cooperation was reinforced as the organic unit for coordination and assessment within the field of Portuguese military technical cooperation; in 2015 the role of the Directorate-General for the National Defense Policy was reinforced as the central service promoting and coordinating the policy of cooperation in the field of defense Once military technical cooperation is lapsing into stagnation and routine it needs urgent revitalization and effectiveness, making it therefore necessary to reconfigure the Portuguese cooperation policy by means of providing it with its own ministry and by redefining agreements, projects and actions within this field.
This study researched the Portuguese cooperation policy process, in particular military technical cooperation with the African Portuguese Speaking Countries. It intends to describe and explain the cycle of change that occurred in the Portuguese cooperation policy, more specifically regarding military technical cooperation after the 25th April 1974. The formulation, implementation, execution and assessment of this public policy are thoroughly described and based upon Frey’s (2000) and Jann & Wegrich (2007) theoretical perspectives whereas the cycles of change of the policy process are explained through the use of policy analysis. The data were obtained through extensive analysis of legislation as well as other defining documents of the Portuguese cooperation policy (Laws, Decree-Laws, Resolutions, Ministerial orders, and Government Programs), and technical military cooperation in particular (Laws, Decree-Laws, Government Programs and Framework Programs). In accordance to the results obtained there was a first political cycle (1974-1985) in which the main sectors of intervention were defined by means of general agreements. There was a second political cycle (1986-1998) where there was a search for coherence, vision and direction within the political action and an attempt to obtain the necessary element of correction that were missing. Finally, the third cycle (1999-2014) suggests that the political action tries to reinforce the coordination and transparency underlying the political process at the same time trying to embody it with more coherence and efficiency. Namely, by reinforcing and consolidating the role of Instituto Camões, in 2014, as the body responsible for the direction, coordination and supervision of cooperation. Regarding military technical cooperation, mainly as from 1990, the changes that took place resulted from a reactive process as a response to changes that occurred in the Strategic Concept of National Defense. These changes gave rise to multilateralism in 2001, to the Support Program to Peace Missions in Africa and to the protocol of the Community of Portuguese-Speaking Countries, in 2006. In 2012, the role of the Directorate of Services for Military Technical Cooperation was reinforced as the organic unit for coordination and assessment within the field of Portuguese military technical cooperation; in 2015 the role of the Directorate-General for the National Defense Policy was reinforced as the central service promoting and coordinating the policy of cooperation in the field of defense Once military technical cooperation is lapsing into stagnation and routine it needs urgent revitalization and effectiveness, making it therefore necessary to reconfigure the Portuguese cooperation policy by means of providing it with its own ministry and by redefining agreements, projects and actions within this field.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Política de cooperação Cooperação técnico-militar Policy process Policy analysis Cooperation policy Military technical cooperation