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Multi Stimuli-responsive Organic Salts: From preparation to functional device application
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The discovery of novel and efficient stimuli-responsive materials that change their properties according to external stimuli and therefore, adjust to our demands become an interesting research topic for several potential applications. The integration of the most promissory stimuli-responsive materials in devices for antiglare car mirrors, smart windows, sunglasses, sensors, among others has been applied.
In this thesis, the development and application of stimuli-responsive materials containing ionic photochromic or electrochromic units have been explored. In general, it is possible to incorporate specific scaffolds possessing pH, temperature, and light or electron-transfer stimuli-responsive behaviour in the cation or anion structures. Also, ionic polymers based on these structures have been investigated. In this context, 4,4’-bipyridinium, diarylethenes and flavylium were selected as electrochromic and photochromic units, respectively. For the preparation of the selected organic salts including polymers, different synthetic routes and purification processes have been followed. Detailed characterization of all prepared salts by spectroscopic techniques in order to elucidate their structures and purities has been performed. Thermal, rheological, photochemical and electrochemical properties of some prepared salts were also studied. It is important to focus that the adequate selection of the counter-ions can be crucial to achieve ionic liquids as well as to tune their final properties.
The most promissory electrochromic salts based on 4,4’-bipyridinium symmetrical and non-symmetrical di and tetra-cations as well as ionic polymers were tested in liquid, gel or solid electrochromic devices. The substituents from bipyridinium scaffold as well as counter-ions can significantly influence the electrochromic performance in particular its reversibility; stability; colour contrast and transition times.
Photochromic Room Temperature Ionic Liquid based on the combination of diarylethene derivative anion with tri-octyl methylammonium ([ALIQUAT]) cation was developed and characterized.
Additionally, a new thermal, pH and photo-stimuli responsive co-polymer containing N-isopropylacrylamide and flavylium derivative have been prepared.
The chemical versatility of the prepared ionic photo- and electrochromic materials opens excellent perspectives for future applications as efficient and reversible multi stimuli-responsive materials.
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Ionic Liquids Electrochromism Photochromism Stimuli-responsive materials Ionic Polymers