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O peso da obesidade : avaliação da qualidade de vida relacionada com a saúde em utentes de farmácias
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RESUMO - A obesidade é um problema de saúde pública relevante,
com repercussões na qualidade de vida dos indivíduos,
tanto a nível físico como mental. A Qualidade de Vida
Relacionada com a Saúde (QVRS) engloba as dimensões
físicas, psicológicas e sociais da saúde. A QVRS tem vindo
a crescer de importância como medida de resultado em
saúde, sendo de particular interesse em estudos de doenças
crónicas.
Este trabalho tem como objectivo descrever a população
utente das farmácias do concelho de Loures em termos de
QVRS — medida pelo SF-36 — e conhecer a relação entre
esta e o excesso de peso, avaliado pelo Índice de Massa
Corporal (IMC).
A informação foi obtida através de um estudo transversal,
sendo os questionários auto-administrados a 228 indivíduos
com mais de 18 anos, em 11 farmácias do concelho de
Loures. O IMC foi calculado com base no peso e altura
auto-declarados e as suas categorias definidas segundo a
Organização Mundial de Saúde. A QVRS foi avaliada com
o SF-36, que a descreve em 8 dimensões: Função Física
(FF), Desempenho Físico (DF), Dor (DR), Saúde Geral
(SG), Vitalidade (VT), Função Social (FS), Desempenho
Emocional (DE) e Saúde Mental (SM), sendo «0» o valor
mínimo — pior QVRS — e «100» o valor máximo —
melhor QVRS — para cada dimensão.
A amostra foi constituída por 87 homens e 136 mulheres.
A idade média foi de 43,9 ± 14,4 anos. 51,5% dos utentes
apresentou excesso de peso (IMC ≥ 25 kg/m2). O perfil de
QVRS obtido foi o seguinte (valores médios ± desvio
padrão):
FF = 83,4 ± 18,4; DF = 73,2 ± 34,8; DR = 65,5 ± 24,3;
SG = 57,9 ± 19,5; VT = 57,1 ± 21,1; FS = 73,9 ± 24,8;
DE = 65,9 ± 38,8 e SM = 62,1 ± 22,4.
Comparando com os utentes com IMC normal, os utentes
com excesso de peso apresentaram pontuações mais baixas
para a FF (p = 0,046) e DR (p = 0,007).
Na amostra em estudo, o excesso de peso está associado a
uma pior QVRS, tal como descrita pelo SF-36, nomeadamente
ao nível da Função Física e da Dor. Estes resultados
vêm reforçar a evidência existente no que diz respeito às
limitações percepcionadas pelos indivíduos com peso acima
do normal. São necessários estudos posteriores para avaliar
a causalidade da associação observada.
ABSTRACT - Obesity represents a major public health problem in developed countries. Overweight and obesity are associated with increased risk of morbidity and mortality and adversely affect quality of life, in both its physical and mental dimensions. Health-related Quality of Life (HRQL) comprises physical, psicological and social dimensions of health. HRQL has been increasing in importance as an outcome measure in health, particulary when cronic diseases are studied. This study aims to describe HRQL (as measured by SF-36) and investigate the association between HRQL and overweight/ obesity (as measured by body mass index — BMI) in patients attending Loures pharmacies (Lisbon, Portugal). This cross-sectional study examines 228 adults (aged more than 18 years old) of 11 pharmacies from Loures. The main outcome measures were body mass index (calculated from selfreported height and weight and classified according to WHO criteria) and HRQL (measured with SF-36) in 8 health dimensions: physical functioning, role-physical, bodily pain, general health, vitality, social functioning, role-emotional and mental health. In each dimension, «0» corresponds to the worst value possible and «100» to the best. Demographic data was also collected. Participants were mostly female — 87 men and 136 women. Mean age was 43.9 ± 14.4 years. A total of 51.5% of participants has a BMI over or equal 25 kg/m2. Health-related Quality of Life profile was (mean values ± standard deviation): FF = 83.4 ± 18.4; DF = 73.2 ± 34.8; DR = 65.5 ± 24.3; SG = 57.9 ± 19.5; VT = 57.1 ± 21.1; FS = 73.9 ± 24.8; DE = 65.9 ± 38.8 e SM = 62.1 ± 22.4. Respondents with BMI over or equal 25 kg/m2 were significantly different for two of the physical dimensions, namely physical function (p = 0.046) and bodily pain subscales (p = 0.007), when compared to those in the normal BMI category. In this sample, overweight and obesity has a significant impact on the health related quality of life of users of pharmacies at Loures. Further investigation through longitudinal prospective studies would be useful to evaluate in greater detail the causal relationship between BMI and HRQL.
ABSTRACT - Obesity represents a major public health problem in developed countries. Overweight and obesity are associated with increased risk of morbidity and mortality and adversely affect quality of life, in both its physical and mental dimensions. Health-related Quality of Life (HRQL) comprises physical, psicological and social dimensions of health. HRQL has been increasing in importance as an outcome measure in health, particulary when cronic diseases are studied. This study aims to describe HRQL (as measured by SF-36) and investigate the association between HRQL and overweight/ obesity (as measured by body mass index — BMI) in patients attending Loures pharmacies (Lisbon, Portugal). This cross-sectional study examines 228 adults (aged more than 18 years old) of 11 pharmacies from Loures. The main outcome measures were body mass index (calculated from selfreported height and weight and classified according to WHO criteria) and HRQL (measured with SF-36) in 8 health dimensions: physical functioning, role-physical, bodily pain, general health, vitality, social functioning, role-emotional and mental health. In each dimension, «0» corresponds to the worst value possible and «100» to the best. Demographic data was also collected. Participants were mostly female — 87 men and 136 women. Mean age was 43.9 ± 14.4 years. A total of 51.5% of participants has a BMI over or equal 25 kg/m2. Health-related Quality of Life profile was (mean values ± standard deviation): FF = 83.4 ± 18.4; DF = 73.2 ± 34.8; DR = 65.5 ± 24.3; SG = 57.9 ± 19.5; VT = 57.1 ± 21.1; FS = 73.9 ± 24.8; DE = 65.9 ± 38.8 e SM = 62.1 ± 22.4. Respondents with BMI over or equal 25 kg/m2 were significantly different for two of the physical dimensions, namely physical function (p = 0.046) and bodily pain subscales (p = 0.007), when compared to those in the normal BMI category. In this sample, overweight and obesity has a significant impact on the health related quality of life of users of pharmacies at Loures. Further investigation through longitudinal prospective studies would be useful to evaluate in greater detail the causal relationship between BMI and HRQL.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Qualidade de vida relacionada com a saúde Obesidade Indice de massa corporal SF-36 Health-related quality of life Obesity Body mass index SF-36
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Editora
Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública