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Os Sargentos nas Forças Militares Portuguesas: do quotidiano nos quartéis à luta política
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Este trabalho pretende dar a conhecer uma classe profissional militar, os sargentos, e a sua intervenção na luta política em Portugal durante os séculos XIX e XX. A inexistência de trabalhos anteriores sobre a classe faz com que esta seja praticamente desconhecida pelos investigadores em história contemporânea, pelo que pouco se conhece sobre as origens e o papel dos sargentos nas forças militares portuguesas. Assim, o enquadramento cronológico irá além dos limites normais estabelecidos para os trabalhos em História Contemporânea, cobrindo um período que se estende do reinado de D. Sebastião à fundação da Associação Nacional de Sargentos em 1990.
Ao longo do trabalho iremos dar particular atenção aos momentos mais marcantes para a classe, aqueles em que o envolvimento dos sargentos foi determinante no desenrolar da acção. De entre eles destacam-se a revolta dos sargentos da guarnição do Porto, em 1851, que permitiu o regresso vitorioso de Saldanha da Galiza, a revolta de 31 de Janeiro de 1891, também na mesma cidade, e o papel desempenhado no movimento militar que a 5 de Outubro de 1910 derrubou a monarquia e implantou a República.
O estudo termina com o acompanhamento do processo que levou à fundação da Associação Nacional de Sargentos, a primeira associação sócio-profissional militar criada no nosso país. A luta então desenvolvida pela nova geração de sargentos, devolveu à classe a sua tradição de luta reivindicativa em torno de direitos profissionais e políticos que fora a sua imagem de marca entre meados do século XIX e os anos 30 do século passado.
The present thesis studies one of the military professional ranks, the sergeants, and its role in during the political struggle in Portugal, in the XIX and XX centuries. Since there are no previous works on this group, little is known about its origins and role in the Portuguese military. Therefore, this thesis covers a larger chronological period than the usual in contemporary history works. It begins with D.Sebastião reign and ends, in 1990, with the creation of the National Sergeants Association. Throughout this work we will highlight the most important moments to the sergeants, especially those in which its role was central to the events. Amongst this moments are the sergeants uprising in Oporto in 1851, which allowed Saldanha’s victory and return from Galiza; January 31st 1891 uprising, in the same city; and the sergeants’ role in the military coup which ended monarchy and started Portuguese republic on October 5th 1910. This study ends with the process that led to the National Sergeants Association foundation, the first in Portugal. The struggle it developed, gave back to a new generation of sergeants, its tradition in the fight for professional and political rights, which had been an important trait of the class between the second half of the XIXth century and the 1930s.
The present thesis studies one of the military professional ranks, the sergeants, and its role in during the political struggle in Portugal, in the XIX and XX centuries. Since there are no previous works on this group, little is known about its origins and role in the Portuguese military. Therefore, this thesis covers a larger chronological period than the usual in contemporary history works. It begins with D.Sebastião reign and ends, in 1990, with the creation of the National Sergeants Association. Throughout this work we will highlight the most important moments to the sergeants, especially those in which its role was central to the events. Amongst this moments are the sergeants uprising in Oporto in 1851, which allowed Saldanha’s victory and return from Galiza; January 31st 1891 uprising, in the same city; and the sergeants’ role in the military coup which ended monarchy and started Portuguese republic on October 5th 1910. This study ends with the process that led to the National Sergeants Association foundation, the first in Portugal. The struggle it developed, gave back to a new generation of sergeants, its tradition in the fight for professional and political rights, which had been an important trait of the class between the second half of the XIXth century and the 1930s.
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Palavras-chave
Militares Military Forças militares Military forces Sargentos Sergeants Republicanismo Republicanism