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Publicação
Do Malabar às Molucas: os Jesuítas e a Província do Malabar (1601-1693)
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A Província Jesuíta do Malabar, também designada por Província de Cochim ou
do Sul, foi instituída em 1605, quatro anos após a sua criação como Vice-Província com
o mesmo nome. A sua génese está intimamente associada à expansão da Companhia de
Jesus na Ásia e à necessidade sentida por esta em organizar e enquadrar as suas missões.
Com existência autónoma, desde então, a sua sede foi o colégio da Madre de
Deus de Cochim, o verdadeiro eixo coordenador e de articulação de missionários e de
missões da Província até à conquista desta praça em 1663. A perda de Cochim e de
outras fortalezas portuguesas na região acarretou o redimensionamento da Província e
implicou a transferência da sede para Ambalacata, também na costa ocidental indiana.
A Província Jesuíta do Malabar estendia-se por uma vasta área geográfica, desde
a costa homónima na Índia até às Molucas, caracterizando-se, assim, por ter uma grande
diversidade política, cultural, social e religiosa. A Província ajustou-se e reajustou-se
durante todo o século XVII devido a um conjunto interno e externo de factores, onde
avultam:
- a falta de recursos humanos e financeiros num espaço geográfico extenso;
- o seu favorecimento ou desfavorecimento pelos vários poderes;
- bem como a própria capacidade de atracção ao baptismo;
- e os diversos níveis de acomodação e de desenvolvimento de estratégias de
missionação, tendo em vista a captação e manutenção das cristandades.
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Trata-se, no seu conjunto, de uma história complexa e em permanente
transmutação, na qual se construiu uma narrativa para publicitar no mundo católico a
'Conquista Espiritual', aproveitando os sucessos e invertendo os insucessos, sobretudo
quando após 1663 se realça o crescimento da Missão de Madurai.
The Jesuit Province of Malabar, also known as Province of Cochin or Southern Province was established in 1605, four years after its foundation as a Vice-Province. Its genesis is closely connected with the expansion of the Jesuits throughout Asia and their need to organise and control its missionary network. Acting as an autonomous province sieged in the College of Madre de Deus in Cochin, a Portuguese settlement in Malabar that worked as its coordinating centre until its conquest by the Dutch in 1663. The loss of Cochin and of other Portuguese strongholds in the region led to major redeployments and changes in the Province, namely the shift of its headquarters to Ambalacata, a place in India's west coast. The Jesuit Province of Malabar encompassed a large geographical area, stretching from India's west coast to the Moluccas, characterised by a great political, cultural, social and religious diversity. The Province adjusted and readjusted during the seventeenth century due to a set of internal and external factors, among which we mention: - The lack of human and financial resources for such a large space; - The advancement or regression of the Christian communities due to local and regional powers; - The attractiveness of conversion; - The different levels of accommodation and the development of missionary strategies, which envisaged the recruitment and conservation of the Christian communities. This is, in its ensamble, a complex history in perennial transformation, whose narrative is created to publicise its 'Spiritual Conquest' throughout the Catholic world, taking advantage of its successes and inverting its failures, especially when the Annual Letters after 1663 magnify the growth of the Mission of Madurai.
The Jesuit Province of Malabar, also known as Province of Cochin or Southern Province was established in 1605, four years after its foundation as a Vice-Province. Its genesis is closely connected with the expansion of the Jesuits throughout Asia and their need to organise and control its missionary network. Acting as an autonomous province sieged in the College of Madre de Deus in Cochin, a Portuguese settlement in Malabar that worked as its coordinating centre until its conquest by the Dutch in 1663. The loss of Cochin and of other Portuguese strongholds in the region led to major redeployments and changes in the Province, namely the shift of its headquarters to Ambalacata, a place in India's west coast. The Jesuit Province of Malabar encompassed a large geographical area, stretching from India's west coast to the Moluccas, characterised by a great political, cultural, social and religious diversity. The Province adjusted and readjusted during the seventeenth century due to a set of internal and external factors, among which we mention: - The lack of human and financial resources for such a large space; - The advancement or regression of the Christian communities due to local and regional powers; - The attractiveness of conversion; - The different levels of accommodation and the development of missionary strategies, which envisaged the recruitment and conservation of the Christian communities. This is, in its ensamble, a complex history in perennial transformation, whose narrative is created to publicise its 'Spiritual Conquest' throughout the Catholic world, taking advantage of its successes and inverting its failures, especially when the Annual Letters after 1663 magnify the growth of the Mission of Madurai.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Ásia Asia Missionação Missionary Work Jesuítas Jesuits Província do Malabar Province of Malabar Acomodação Accommodation