A carregar...
Publicação
Plano de assistência materno-infantil no Ultramar
| Nome: | Descrição: | Tamanho: | Formato: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6.66 MB | Adobe PDF |
Autores
Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
Em 1951, foi enviada uma exposição ao Dr. Elísio da Fonseca, Chefe do Departamento de Atividades de Saúde Pública e Higiene do Ministério do Ultramar. Nessa exposição, foi transcrito da Reorganização das Atividades de Saúde Pública Ultramarina o seguinte: «Em todo o mundo, nada tem tanto valor como o homem.
No entanto, o valor do homem torna-se maior num continente como a África, com uma densidade populacional muito fraca e onde, até ao presente, apenas os habitantes primitivos são capazes de extrair da natureza a riqueza de que o resto da Humanidade tanto necessita e que transborda neste continente. Assim, tudo o que for feito para aumentar o valor humano é uma ajuda em favor do mundo inteiro. Ajudar o desenvolvimento das populações nativas, contribuir para a melhoria do seu estado físico, bem como do seu nível intelectual e moral - eis o principal objetivo das Atividades de Saúde Pública entre os assentamentos nativos. E mais adiante: «Graves são também as doenças venéreas que se espalham amplamente entre as populações indígenas de algumas colônias. O controle dessas doenças é muito difícil, mas não é preciso enfatizar que elas devem ser controladas. Entre outras formas de assistência, é particularmente importante a que é dada às mulheres grávidas e às crianças, na tentativa de atenuar ou mesmo eliminar os preconceitos que recaem sobre a espécie devido às doenças venéreas».
O grande problema da assistência pré-natal e infantil é, sem dúvida, um capítulo da medicina a ser incluído na medicina preventiva. Há poucos anos, a medicina preventiva consistia apenas na vacinação antivariólica. Agora, abrange a organização da proteção pré-natal e infantil e a profilaxia da lepra, malária, tripanossomíase, febre amarela e peste. O Dr. Caussain, chefe do Departamento Técnico da Direção Geral de Saúde Pública da F. W. A., sugere a criação de equipas ambulatórias especiais e de dispensários e maternidades nos cantos mais remotos da selva. O que foi feito no Congo Belga e em Ruanda-Urundi e o que está previsto no seu plano decenal é notável. Sem dúvida, o plano de assistência pré-natal e infantil é considerado pelo governo de maneira especial.
Entre nós, muito já foi feito e muito ainda não foi feito. Além de outras dificuldades, é evidente que a grande extensão dos territórios ultramarinos e a sua fraca densidade populacional constituem os principais obstáculos. O problema da assistência é tão vasto e complexo que deve ser dividido em diferentes secções; no entanto, é evidente que as diretrizes gerais devem provir de um único centro. Mas não seria sensato que a assistência pré-natal e infantil constituísse um serviço autónomo; seria menos eficaz e mais dispendioso e obrigaria a uma duplicação supérflua de diferentes serviços.
Para que se possa tirar o maior proveito da assistência pré-natal e infantil ultramarina, o autor considera indispensável que os métodos a empregar sejam unificados e as diretrizes centralizadas. Por conseguinte, o autor sugere a criação de um Instituto Maternal Ultramarino com sede em Lisboa. Em Luanda e em Lourenço Marques seriam criados, respetivamente, o Instituto Maternal de Angola e o Instituto Maternal de Moçambique. Em seguida, seriam criados Institutos Maternos nas capitais dos outros territórios nacionais. Nas regiões onde existem hospitais regionais, deveriam ser criadas delegações do respetivo Instituto Materno, subdelegações nos centros, centros fixos e ambulatórios. Desta forma, seria possível tirar partido das atividades sanitárias que já existem atualmente.
Este problema é vasto e impossível de ser resolvido por uma única pessoa, mesmo que ela tenha a melhor das intenções. Por isso, neste relatório, o autor sugere ao Ministério dos Negócios Estrangeiros que nomeie uma comissão para estudar e organizar a criação do Instituto Materno Ultramarino.
Todos os elementos que o autor obteve — as cartas trocadas com as autoridades belgas e francesas — estão agora à disposição da comissão que, na opinião do autor, será organizada mais cedo ou mais tarde.
In 1951 an exposition was addressed to Dr. Elísio da Fonseca, Chief of the Department of Public Health and Hygiene Activities of the Ministery of the Overseas. ln this exposition it was transcribed from the Reorganization of the Overseas Public Health Activities what follows: «In the whole world nothing is of so much value as man. However the value of man becomes greater in a continent such as Africa, with a very weak density of population and where, up to the present, only the primitive inhabitants are able to extract from the nature the wealth that the remaning Humanity needs so much and hat overflows in this continent. Thus everything done to increase the human value is a help in favour of the whole world. To help the development of the native populations, to contribute for the improvement of their physical state as well as for their intelectual and moral levei - here is the chief aim of the Public Health Activities among the native settlements». And further on: «It is grave also the venereal diseases that are widely spread in the native populations of some colonies. The control of these diseases is very difficult, however it is not need to stress that they should be controled. Among other ways of assistance it is particularly important that is given to the pregnant women and to the children, attempting to attenuate or even eliminate the prejudices which come to the species due to venerai diseases». The great problem of pre-natal and children assistance undoubtedly is a chapter of medicine to be included in preventive medicine. Not yet many years ago Preventive Medicine consisted only of anti-variolic vaccination. Now it covers the organization of pre-natal and children protection and the prophylaxis of leprosy, malaria, trypanosomiasis, yellow fever and pest. Dr. Caussain, Chief of the Technical Departement of the General Direction of Public Health in F. W. A. suggests the settlemetnt of special ambulatory teams and of dispensaries and maternity hospitais in the furthest cornens of the jungle. What is clone in the Belgian Congo and Ruanda Urundi and what is planned in their Decenal plan is remarkable. Udoubtedly the plan of pre-natal and children assistance is considered by the government in a particular way. Among ourselves a great deal is done and a great deal ha·s not yet been done. Besides other difficulties, it is evident that the wide extension of the Overseas territories and their weak density of population constitute the principal obstacles. The problem of the assistance is so wide and so complex that it must be divided into different sections; yet it is evident that the general directives must come from one center only. But it would not be sensible that the pre-natal and children assistance constitute an autonomous service; it would be less effective and high priced and would compel to a superfluous duplication of different services. In order the greatest benefit may be drawn from the Overseas pre-natal and children assistance the author considers as indispensable that the methods to be employed should be unified and the directives centralized. Therefore the author suggests the settlement of an Overseas Maternal Institute with its seat in Lisbon. In Luanda and in Lourenço Marques would be settled the Maternal Institute of Angola and Moçambique respectively. Then Maternal Institutes would be settled in the capital cities of the other national territories. In the regions where Regional Hospitais exist it should be settled there delegations of the respective Maternal Institute, subdelegations in the centers, fixed and ambulatory centers. ln this way it would be taken advantage from the sanitary activities that there are now. It is not worth while to go on with such suggestions which cannot be realised, at least within the meaning the author wants them to have, unless the problem of the Jack of specialised physicians is considered as well as the Jack of a type of nurses who are indispensable for this kind of assistance and for the territories where it should be given: the nurse-midwife-puericulturer. Therefor it is need to intensify the training of this particular kind of nursing to the young women in the schools that there are now. This problem is wide and impossible of being resolved by one person only, even though he may have the best wishes to do so. So in this report the author suggests to the Ministery of the Overseas to appoint a committee for the study and organization of the settlement of the Overseas Maternal Institute. All the elements the author has got - the letters exchanged with the official Belgian and French personages - are henceforth at the committee'·s disposal that the author think sooner or later on will be organized.
In 1951 an exposition was addressed to Dr. Elísio da Fonseca, Chief of the Department of Public Health and Hygiene Activities of the Ministery of the Overseas. ln this exposition it was transcribed from the Reorganization of the Overseas Public Health Activities what follows: «In the whole world nothing is of so much value as man. However the value of man becomes greater in a continent such as Africa, with a very weak density of population and where, up to the present, only the primitive inhabitants are able to extract from the nature the wealth that the remaning Humanity needs so much and hat overflows in this continent. Thus everything done to increase the human value is a help in favour of the whole world. To help the development of the native populations, to contribute for the improvement of their physical state as well as for their intelectual and moral levei - here is the chief aim of the Public Health Activities among the native settlements». And further on: «It is grave also the venereal diseases that are widely spread in the native populations of some colonies. The control of these diseases is very difficult, however it is not need to stress that they should be controled. Among other ways of assistance it is particularly important that is given to the pregnant women and to the children, attempting to attenuate or even eliminate the prejudices which come to the species due to venerai diseases». The great problem of pre-natal and children assistance undoubtedly is a chapter of medicine to be included in preventive medicine. Not yet many years ago Preventive Medicine consisted only of anti-variolic vaccination. Now it covers the organization of pre-natal and children protection and the prophylaxis of leprosy, malaria, trypanosomiasis, yellow fever and pest. Dr. Caussain, Chief of the Technical Departement of the General Direction of Public Health in F. W. A. suggests the settlemetnt of special ambulatory teams and of dispensaries and maternity hospitais in the furthest cornens of the jungle. What is clone in the Belgian Congo and Ruanda Urundi and what is planned in their Decenal plan is remarkable. Udoubtedly the plan of pre-natal and children assistance is considered by the government in a particular way. Among ourselves a great deal is done and a great deal ha·s not yet been done. Besides other difficulties, it is evident that the wide extension of the Overseas territories and their weak density of population constitute the principal obstacles. The problem of the assistance is so wide and so complex that it must be divided into different sections; yet it is evident that the general directives must come from one center only. But it would not be sensible that the pre-natal and children assistance constitute an autonomous service; it would be less effective and high priced and would compel to a superfluous duplication of different services. In order the greatest benefit may be drawn from the Overseas pre-natal and children assistance the author considers as indispensable that the methods to be employed should be unified and the directives centralized. Therefore the author suggests the settlement of an Overseas Maternal Institute with its seat in Lisbon. In Luanda and in Lourenço Marques would be settled the Maternal Institute of Angola and Moçambique respectively. Then Maternal Institutes would be settled in the capital cities of the other national territories. In the regions where Regional Hospitais exist it should be settled there delegations of the respective Maternal Institute, subdelegations in the centers, fixed and ambulatory centers. ln this way it would be taken advantage from the sanitary activities that there are now. It is not worth while to go on with such suggestions which cannot be realised, at least within the meaning the author wants them to have, unless the problem of the Jack of specialised physicians is considered as well as the Jack of a type of nurses who are indispensable for this kind of assistance and for the territories where it should be given: the nurse-midwife-puericulturer. Therefor it is need to intensify the training of this particular kind of nursing to the young women in the schools that there are now. This problem is wide and impossible of being resolved by one person only, even though he may have the best wishes to do so. So in this report the author suggests to the Ministery of the Overseas to appoint a committee for the study and organization of the settlement of the Overseas Maternal Institute. All the elements the author has got - the letters exchanged with the official Belgian and French personages - are henceforth at the committee'·s disposal that the author think sooner or later on will be organized.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Saúde pública Ultramar português