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Cephalopod proteins for bioinspired and sustainable biomaterials design

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Nature offers a boundless source of inspiration for designing bio-inspired technologies and advanced materials. Cephalopods, including octopuses, squids, and cuttlefish, exhibit remarkable biological adaptations, such as dynamic camouflage for predator evasion and communication, as well as robust prey-capturing tools, including beaks and sucker-ring teeth that operate under extreme mechanical stresses in aqueous environments. Central to these remarkable traits are structural proteins that serve as versatile polymeric materials. From a materials science perspective, proteins present unique opportunities due to their genetically encoded sequences, enabling access to a diversity of sequences and precise control over polymer composition and properties. This intrinsic programmability allows scalable, environmentally sustainable production through recombinant biotechnology, in contrast to petroleum-derived polymers. This review highlights recent advances in understanding cephalopod-specific proteins, emphasizing their potential for creating next-generation bioengineered materials and driving sustainable innovation in biomaterials science.

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Funding Information: The authors acknowledge funding from the European Research Council under the EU Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (SCENT-ERC-2014-STG-639123, 101069405-ENSURE-ERC-2022-POC1 and 101158248-UNMASK-ERC-2023-POC), the European Union’s Horizon 2020 programme under grant agreement no. 899732 (PURE project), and from FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, I.P., through the projects PTDC/BII-BIO/28878/2017, PTDC/CTM-CTM/3389/2021, Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences – UCIBIO (UIDP/04378/2020 and UIDB/04378/2020), Associate Laboratory Institute for Health and Bioeconomy – i4HB (LA/P/0140/2020), and the research fellowships SFRH/BD/147388/2019 for IL, UI/BD/151154/ 2021 for IP, 2022.11589.BD for CD and SFRH/BD/149131/2019 for HMAC. Publisher Copyright: © 2025 The Author(s)

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Cephalopods Histidine-binding proteins Protein-based materials Reflectins Suckerins Biotechnology Bioengineering Biomaterials Biomedical Engineering Molecular Biology Cell Biology

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