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Phenolic Compounds from Pyrus communis Residues
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Resumo(s)
Background/Objectives: The food industry produces substantial amounts of fruit byproducts, which are often discarded despite their high content of bioactive compounds with potential therapeutic applications. Pyrus communis (pear) residues, which are particularly rich in phenolic compounds, represent a valuable yet underutilized resource. These byproducts have demonstrated significant antioxidant and antibacterial properties, suggesting their potential for medical and pharmaceutical applications. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the phenolic profile of P. communis byproducts, emphasizing their antioxidant and antibacterial mechanisms and their prospective use in combating oxidative stress and antibacterial resistance. Methods: A comprehensive review of the key phenolic compounds from P. communis residues was conducted using ScienceDirect and Google Scholar databases (from 2014 to 2024). Studies assessing antioxidant and antibacterial activities were reviewed, with a focus on their mechanisms of action against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial pathogens. Results: A minimum of 14 distinct phenolic compounds were identified among P. communis residues. However, chlorogenic acid and catechin were identified as the primary contributors to the antioxidant activity of P. communis residues. Hydroquinone and chlorogenic acid exhibited strong antibacterial effects through membrane disruption, enzyme inhibition, and metabolic interference. Despite this potential, hydroquinone’s cytotoxicity and regulatory concerns limit its direct pharmaceutical application. Conclusions: While P. communis phenolics show promise as natural antibacterial agents, future research should address bioavailability, extraction standardization, and safe formulation strategies. Investigating their synergy with conventional antibiotics and improving stability for cosmetic applications are key steps toward their practical use. In vivo and clinical studies are crucial to validating their therapeutic potential and ensuring regulatory approval.
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Funding Information:
This work was supported by projects UI/00772 and LA/P/0059/2020 and funded by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT). This work was financially supported by national funds through FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC): CIMO, UIDB/00690/2020 (DOI: 10.54499/UIDB/00690/2020) and UIDP/00690/2020 (DOI: 10.54499/UIDP/00690/2020); and SusTEC, LA/P/0007/2020 (DOI: 10.54499/LA/P/0007/2020). Jessica Ribeiro acknowledges the financial support provided by FCT through her PhD grant (2023.00592.BD). The authors acknowledge the national funding provided by FCT through the institutional scientific employment program contract with L. Barros and S. A. Heleno, as well as the individual scientific employment program contract with F.S. Reis (2021.03728.CEECIND).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2025 by the authors.
Palavras-chave
Antioxidant properties Bacterial resistance Chlorogenic acid Hydroquinone Natural therapeutics Oxidative stress Plant-derived compounds Secondary metabolites Microbiology Biochemistry Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics(all) Microbiology (medical) Infectious Diseases Pharmacology (medical) SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being