Visual and motor skills development in preterm and full-term infants

Abstract

Preterm birth, defined as birth before 37 weeks of gestation, affects approximately one in ten live-born infants globally. The risks and potential complications are more pronounced in infants born before 32 weeks, particularly those born before 28 weeks, necessitating specialized monitoring of developmental outcomes. Traditional developmental assessments often rely on performance-based observations, which can be subjective, and may not detect subtle or delayed difficulties that emerge later, such as in school-age children. This study presents the development and pilot application of a comprehensive protocol designed for the objective and integrated collection of clinical, developmental, and electrophysiological data to evaluate the impact of preterm birth. The protocol involves monitoring two groups of healthy infants—preterm and full-term—at four time points during the first year (4, 6, 9, and 12 months). Assessments include clinical evaluations, the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, and electrophysiological recordings such as visual evoked potentials (VEP), electrodermal activity (EDA), and an ophthalmological screening assessment at 4 months. Two case examples (one full-term, one preterm) are provided to illustrate data collection and application. While the article does not include outcome analysis, it emphasizes protocol structure and applicability, offering a foundation for future longitudinal study.