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Sustainability and global businesses: Stakeholder welfare or shareholder wealth? Disaster capitalism and discourse: the collapse of the Córrego do Feijão dam, in Brumadinho, Brazil.
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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
A indústria extrativa tem grande importância na economia de países periféricos,
e movimenta enormes volumes de capital, notadamente sob o controle de empresas
multinacionais. Entretanto, territórios de mineração são palco de desastres e tragédias
socioambientais, que apresentam um cenário complexo de governança, caracterizado
por desequilíbrios de poder entre os atores e pela ameaça à sustentabilidade dos
sistemas socioecológicos atingidos pela atividade extrativa. Este trabalho busca
compreender como o discurso corporativo se relaciona com outras dimensões das
práticas sociais e interfere na promoção da sustentabilidade em um sistema
socioecológico, no contexto do processo de reparação após o rompimento da barragem
B1 da Mina do Córrego do Feijão, em Brumadinho, Minas Gerais, Brasil. A pesquisa,
qualitativa, de caráter prático, descritivo e explanatório, analisa o discurso corporativo
da Vale S.A., empresa proprietária da barragem, e o contradiscurso da população
afetada, tendo em vista o contexto socio-histórico que envolve os acontecimentos. O
referencial teórico, multidisciplinar, reúne diversos campos além das ciências sociais,
como a comunicação, a administração, a biologia e o design. A abordagem começa na
sustentabilidade dos sistemas socioecológicos, ameaçados por problemas perversos,
focando sua relação com o contexto capitalista globalizado e as consequências dele
advindas, como a convivência com o risco, o neocolonialismo e o neoextrativismo. Em
seguida, a pesquisa trabalha a conexão entre a atividade empresarial, a
responsabilidade social, as relações entre stakeholders e o papel do discurso, no
contexto da modernidade tardia e da sociedade da informação, com destaque para os
principais conceitos da Análise Crítica do Discurso. O Estudo de Caso, com inspiração
etnográfica, contou com múltiplas fontes de evidências: um processo de imersão da
autora, aliado a pesquisa documental permitiu conhecer o contexto da relação entre a
Vale e a cidade e a evolução da ideologia organizacional da empresa; uma série de nove
relatórios sobre o processo de reparação forneceram dados sobre crenças e valores
veiculados sobre a empresa; e entrevistas que mostraram o ponto de vista das pessoas
atingidas sobre os acontecimentos no processo de reparação, bem como a natureza das
relações sociais e a atividade material. Por meio da Análise Crítica do Discurso, foi
desenvolvido um framework que permitiu acessar as práticas sociais. Essas, por sua vez,
deram a conhecer as estruturas (fixas e abstratas) que dão origem aos eventos (flexíveis
e concretos) no território. Revelaram-se estruturas e vínculos de poder entre atores no
processo de reparação, bem como as estratégias discursivas, ideologias e seu papel na
manutenção de relações hegemônicas. Os resultados demonstram que o bem-estar dos
stakeholders, especialmente a população atingida, fica em segundo plano, em benefíciodo desempenho empresarial. Além de lidar com as perdas humanas e materiais e o
adoecimento físico e psicológico causado pela tragédia (e perpetuado na reparação), as
pessoas atingidas enfrentam os efeitos de um discurso cuidadosamente elaborado para
velar os conflitos e projetar externamente uma realidade diferente, reforçando
ideologias que mantêm as relações hegemônicas e persuadem públicos distantes do
território e de seus habitantes – o que inclui instâncias decisórias em todos os poderes.
The extractive industry holds great importance in the economy of peripheral countries and moves enormous volumes of capital, notably under the control of multinational companies. However, mining territories are the scene of socioenvironmental disasters and tragedies, presenting a complex governance scenario characterized by power imbalances between actors and threats to the sustainability of socio-ecological systems affected by extractive activity. This work seeks to understand how corporate discourse relates to other dimensions of social practices and interferes with promoting sustainability in a socio-ecological system, in the context of the repair process after the collapse of the B1 dam at the Córrego do Feijão Mine in Brumadinho, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The qualitative research, practical, descriptive, and explanatory in nature, analyzes the corporate discourse of Vale S.A., the dam's owner company, and the counter-discourse of the affected population, considering the socio-historical context surrounding the events. The theoretical framework, multidisciplinary, brings together various fields beyond social sciences, such as communication, administration, biology, and design. The approach begins with the sustainability of socio-ecological systems, threatened by wicked problems, focusing on their relationship with the globalized capitalist context and its resulting consequences, such as living with risk, neocolonialism, and neo-extractivism. Then, the research works on the connection between business activity, social responsibility, stakeholder relations, and the role of discourse in the context of late modernity and information society, highlighting the main concepts of Critical Discourse Analysis. The case study, with ethnographic inspiration, relied on multiple sources of evidence: an immersion process by the author, combined with documentary research, allowed understanding the context of the relationship between Vale and the city and the evolution of the company's organizational ideology; a series of nine reports on the repair process provided data about beliefs and values conveyed about the company; and interviews that showed the viewpoint of affected people about the events in the repair process, as well as the nature of social relations and material activity. Through Critical Discourse Analysis, a framework was developed that allowed access to social practices. These, in turn, revealed the structures (fixed and abstract) that give rise to events (flexible and concrete) in the territory. Power structures and links between actors in the repair process were revealed, as well as discursive strategies, ideologies, and their role in maintaining hegemonic relations. The findings demonstrate that stakeholder well-being, especially the affected population, takes second place to business performance. Besides dealing with human and material losses and physical and psychological illness caused by the tragedy (and perpetuated in the repair), affected people face the effects of a discourse carefully crafted to veil conflicts and externally project a different reality, reinforcing ideologies that maintain hegemonic relations and persuade audiences distant from the territory and its inhabitants – which includes decision-making instances across all powers.
The extractive industry holds great importance in the economy of peripheral countries and moves enormous volumes of capital, notably under the control of multinational companies. However, mining territories are the scene of socioenvironmental disasters and tragedies, presenting a complex governance scenario characterized by power imbalances between actors and threats to the sustainability of socio-ecological systems affected by extractive activity. This work seeks to understand how corporate discourse relates to other dimensions of social practices and interferes with promoting sustainability in a socio-ecological system, in the context of the repair process after the collapse of the B1 dam at the Córrego do Feijão Mine in Brumadinho, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The qualitative research, practical, descriptive, and explanatory in nature, analyzes the corporate discourse of Vale S.A., the dam's owner company, and the counter-discourse of the affected population, considering the socio-historical context surrounding the events. The theoretical framework, multidisciplinary, brings together various fields beyond social sciences, such as communication, administration, biology, and design. The approach begins with the sustainability of socio-ecological systems, threatened by wicked problems, focusing on their relationship with the globalized capitalist context and its resulting consequences, such as living with risk, neocolonialism, and neo-extractivism. Then, the research works on the connection between business activity, social responsibility, stakeholder relations, and the role of discourse in the context of late modernity and information society, highlighting the main concepts of Critical Discourse Analysis. The case study, with ethnographic inspiration, relied on multiple sources of evidence: an immersion process by the author, combined with documentary research, allowed understanding the context of the relationship between Vale and the city and the evolution of the company's organizational ideology; a series of nine reports on the repair process provided data about beliefs and values conveyed about the company; and interviews that showed the viewpoint of affected people about the events in the repair process, as well as the nature of social relations and material activity. Through Critical Discourse Analysis, a framework was developed that allowed access to social practices. These, in turn, revealed the structures (fixed and abstract) that give rise to events (flexible and concrete) in the territory. Power structures and links between actors in the repair process were revealed, as well as discursive strategies, ideologies, and their role in maintaining hegemonic relations. The findings demonstrate that stakeholder well-being, especially the affected population, takes second place to business performance. Besides dealing with human and material losses and physical and psychological illness caused by the tragedy (and perpetuated in the repair), affected people face the effects of a discourse carefully crafted to veil conflicts and externally project a different reality, reinforcing ideologies that maintain hegemonic relations and persuade audiences distant from the territory and its inhabitants – which includes decision-making instances across all powers.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Stakeholders Mineração Neoextrativismo Neocolonialismo Discurso organizacional Mining Neoextractivism Neocolonialism Organizational discourse