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Disposições Biopolíticas na Atualidade Ocidental
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A presente dissertação em Filosofia, Moral e Política para obtenção do grau de Doutor adota como motor de reflexão a conceção de Biopolítica operada por Michel Foucault, com o intuito de qualificar e designar o conjunto de metamorfoses nos registos social, político, científico e epistemológico a partir dos séculos XVII e XVIII no domínio ocidental. Qualitativamente, a Biopolítica, cujo berço doutrinário remonta ao Liberalismo económico, atua no ordenamento global das sociedades através da operacionalização de Biopoderes locais, os quais levam a cabo estratégias de poder, cujo propósito consiste na otimização (biológica e biográfica) da população. Sendo o Nazismo o primeiro Estado considerado por Michel Foucault verdadeiramente biopolítico, a direção e as técnicas de governamentalidade tomadas pelo Biopoder a partir de então foram reconsideradas em função dos interesses científicos e das expetativas sociais.
É, entretanto, do período após o Holocausto nazi que emerge a recente Bioética, concretamente, da falência do paternalismo médico. Nesse contexto, e tendo em consideração as fundamentações e questões reconhecidas tanto pela Biopolítica como pela Bioética, propomo-nos a refletir acerca da natureza da relação entre ambas as áreas de conhecimento na atualidade ocidental. Na medida em que o Holocausto nazi constitui o momento de confluência entre a Biopolítica e a Bioética, e dado que em ambas figura uma preocupação inequívoca com a vida humana, não obstante o facto de possuírem interesses, metodologias e finalidades distintas, é importante compreender e identificar os problemas que as unem. Quanto a isso, na presente investigação, cumprenos determinar se a Bioética é segregada pela Biopolítica, face às diferenças que as qualificam, ou se, por outro lado, a Bioética se relaciona de modo afirmativo com o Biopoder, a fim de contribuir positivamente para as atuais questões sociais, políticas e científicas que se referem diretamente à população.
The present doctoral dissertation in Moral and Political Philosophy takes, as conceptual departure point, the concept of Biopolitics as from Michel Foucault, aiming to qualify and designate the set of metamorphosis of the social, political, scientific and epistemological record, from the 17h and 18th centuries onwards, in western domain. Quality wise, Biopolitics, whose doctrinal cradle dates back to economical Liberalism, operates in the global society order through the enactment of local Biopowers, which carry on power strategies designed to optimize (biologically as well as biographically) the population. Nazism being the first truly biopolitical state, as viewed by Michel Foucault, the direction and governmentality techniques assumed by the Biopower from then on were reconsidered as function of scientific interests and social expectations. Yet, modern Bioethics emerges out of the period following the nazi Holocaust, specifically from the demise of medical paternalism. In such context, bearing in mind the fundaments and questions identified so much by Biopolitics as well as by Bioethics, we endeavor to think about the nature of the relation between both areas of knowledge, in western contemporaneity. Since the nazi Holocaust is a moment of union between Biopolitics and Bioethics, and considering that both have an unequivocal concern with human life, the fact of having different interests, objectives and methodologies notwithstanding, it is important to understand and identify the problems that bind them together. In regard to this, in this research, we seek to determine if Bioethics is segregated by Biopolitics, in the face of the differences that qualify them, or, on the other hand, if Bioethics relaters in an affirmative way to Biopower, in order to positively contribute to current social, political and scientific questions, pertaining directly to the human population.
The present doctoral dissertation in Moral and Political Philosophy takes, as conceptual departure point, the concept of Biopolitics as from Michel Foucault, aiming to qualify and designate the set of metamorphosis of the social, political, scientific and epistemological record, from the 17h and 18th centuries onwards, in western domain. Quality wise, Biopolitics, whose doctrinal cradle dates back to economical Liberalism, operates in the global society order through the enactment of local Biopowers, which carry on power strategies designed to optimize (biologically as well as biographically) the population. Nazism being the first truly biopolitical state, as viewed by Michel Foucault, the direction and governmentality techniques assumed by the Biopower from then on were reconsidered as function of scientific interests and social expectations. Yet, modern Bioethics emerges out of the period following the nazi Holocaust, specifically from the demise of medical paternalism. In such context, bearing in mind the fundaments and questions identified so much by Biopolitics as well as by Bioethics, we endeavor to think about the nature of the relation between both areas of knowledge, in western contemporaneity. Since the nazi Holocaust is a moment of union between Biopolitics and Bioethics, and considering that both have an unequivocal concern with human life, the fact of having different interests, objectives and methodologies notwithstanding, it is important to understand and identify the problems that bind them together. In regard to this, in this research, we seek to determine if Bioethics is segregated by Biopolitics, in the face of the differences that qualify them, or, on the other hand, if Bioethics relaters in an affirmative way to Biopower, in order to positively contribute to current social, political and scientific questions, pertaining directly to the human population.
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Biopolítica Biopoder Bioética Nazismo População Biopolitics Biopower People Nazism Bioethics