Ultrasound-assisted protein-enhanced graphene synthesis for rapid electrochemical antibody sensing

Cardoso, Ana R.; Suleimenova, A.; Alves, João Frederico; Frasco, Manuela F.; Barquinha, Pedro; Sales, M. Goreti F.

http://hdl.handle.net/10362/183867

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Autores

Cardoso, Ana R.

Suleimenova, A.

Alves, João Frederico

Frasco, Manuela F.

Barquinha, Pedro

Sales, M. Goreti F.

Resumo(s)

This study presents a novel method for the fabrication of graphene as a functional interface for electrochemical sensors. Graphene was synthesized by probe-assisted ultrasonic exfoliation of graphite stabilized by the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein. In this dual-function approach, the S protein is used for both graphene stabilization and antibody recognition, simplifying the production of biosensors. The biosensor was fabricated by modifying a carbon working electrode with the stabilized graphene-S-protein complex. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy revealed a linear detection range from 1.0 pg/mL to 10.0 ng/mL in diluted human serum, with a detection limit of 0.17 pg/mL. The high selectivity for the S protein was confirmed against the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein. The device successfully analysed serum samples, demonstrating its practical application. These results emphasize a simple, innovative platform that integrates graphene synthesis and biosensor functionality. This approach not only ensures a sensitive and stable substrate for monitoring antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, but also offers an approach that can be extended to detect different antibodies, by selecting the stabilizing protein that binds to the intended antibody.

Descrição

The authors acknowledge funding through project TecniCov (POCI-01-02B7-FEDER-069745), co-funded by FEDER through COMPETE2020 and Lisboa2020. ARC and JFA acknowledge funding from National Foundation for Science and Technology, I.P. (FCT), Portugal through the PhD grants, references (COVID/BD/15279/2022). This research is also funded by FEDER funds through COMPETE (Programa Operacional Factores de Competitividade) and national funds through Funda\u00E7\u00E3o para a Ci\u00EAncia e a Tecnologia, I.P. (FCT), in the scope of references UID/EMS/00285/2020 (CEMMPRE).The authors acknowledge Professor Hugo \u00C1guas (NOVA FCT) for the Raman Measurements. Publisher Copyright: © 2025 The Authors

Palavras-chave

Carbon-working electrode Electrochemical biosensor Graphene Point-of-care testing SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein Analytical Chemistry Spectroscopy SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being